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Source: Odacre in the record of BAUDOUIN, son of [ODACRE [Audacer or Odoscer] - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

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Type	Valeur
Titre	Odacre in the record of BAUDOUIN, son of [ODACRE [Audacer or Odoscer] - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

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ODACER of Flanders CR002

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B. COUNTS of FLANDERS [863]-1128 BAUDOUIN, son of [ODACRE [Audacer or Odoscer] & his wife ---] ([830/37]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer[39]). The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana, dated to the second decade of the 12th century, names "Balduinum Ferreum" as son of "Audacer"[40]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ names "Balduinum Ferreum" as son of "Audacer"[41]. He is named as son of Audacer in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which records his year of death and placeof burial[42]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he was a young adult at the time of his marriage, which means that he must have been a child when his father died. He eloped with his future wife around Christmas 861. The AnnalesBlandinienses name "Baldwinum Ferreum filium Audacri" and "Balduvinus filius Audacri" when recording (respectively) his abduction of his wife in 862 and his death in 879[43]. He was granted the “pagus Flandrensis” in 863, and shortly after Ternois, Waasand the lay abbacy of St Peter of Gent[44], although the primary sources on which this is based have not yet been identified. He is known to history as BAUDOUIN I “der Gute/Ferreus/der Eisenarme” Count of Flanders, but it is improbable that he was referred to as such by contemporaries. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "…ex comitibus aut Tedericus, aut Balduinus, sive Chuonradus, seu Adalelmus" as those willing to support the emperor's son[45]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 879 of "Balduvinus, filius Audacri", specifying that he was buried at "Blandinie"[46]. According to legend, he built the church of St Donatien ("Sint Donaatskapittel") at Bruges. m (Auxerre 13 Dec 862) as her third husband, JUDITH, widow firstly of ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex and secondly of ÆTHELBALD King of Wessex, daughter of CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks [Carolingian] & his first wife Ermentrudis [d'Orléans] ([844]-after [870]). She is named as wife of Baudouin in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which also names her parents and her three sons[47]. She and her father are named by Roger of Hoveden when he records her marriage to King Æthelwulf[48]. Asser records that "Iuthittam, Karoli Francorum regis filiam" married "Æthelbald filius eius [=Æthelwulfo rege]" after the death of her first husband, commenting that it was "cum magna ab omnibus audientibus infamia"[49]. Roger of Hoveden also records this second marriage of Judith[50]. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[51]. The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam" as the four daughters of "Karolus imperator…ex Hyrmentrudi regina", specifying that Judith married "Balduinus comes"[52]. The Annales Bertiniani record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis "sub tuitione paterna", and from there was abducted by "Balduinum comitem" with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year[53]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage in 862 of "Balduinus, Odacri filius" and "Iudith, Caroli regis filiam"[54]. The preceding information is pulled together by the Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ which names "Iudith vidua Adelbaldi regis Anglorum, filia Karoli Calvi regis Francorum" as the wife of "Balduinum Ferreum"[55]. No information has been found in the primary sources so far consulted which throws light on the possible date of death of Judith, although it is unlikely that she died before about 870 at the earliest, assuming that she was the mother of all the children who are named below. Count Baudouin I & his wife had [five] children: 1. CHARLES ([864/65]-young). "Karolus brevis vite" is named as first of the three sons of Baudouin and his wife Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[56]. It is assumed that Charles died young as no other reference to him has been found. 2. BAUDOUIN ([865/67]-[10 Sep] 918, bur St Bertin, transferred 929 to Gent, St Pieter). He is named as second of the three sons of Baudouin and his wife Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[57]. He succeeded his father in 879 as BAUDOUIN II "le Chauve" Count of Flanders. According to Rösch, Baudouin II was nicknamed after his maternal grandfather although it is surprising that such a personal nickname could be so transmitted[58]. From his succession, he came under great pressure from Viking raids, and took refuge in the marshes of Saint-Omer in 883[59]. Baudouin II expanded his territories by occupying the pagi of Mempisc, Courtrai and the Ijzer, seizing control of the counties of Ternois and Boulonnais after 892 as well as the Tournaisis (except for the town of Tournai)[60]. Although Count Baudouin at first supported the election of Eudes as king of France in 888, the latter opposed the count's becoming lay-abbot of St Bertin (in 892, in succession to abbot Rudolf[61]) and pursued the count to Bruges, although the king was unable to capture the town. The Annales Vedastini record the death "Non Ian 892" of "Rodulfus abba", that "castellani Egfridum comitem" was sent to announce the news to the king, and that in his absence "Balduinum a Flandris…per consilium Evreberti qui nimis fuerat versutissimus" seized the abbacy against the wishes of the king who had promised it to Egfrid[62]. The Annales Vedastini record that "Balduinus" captured Artois in 892[63]. Count Baudouin supported the coronation of Charles III "le Simple" as king of the West Franks in 895, but afterwards supported Zwentibold Duke of Lotharingia. The Annales Vedastini name "Balduinus…comes et Rodulfus frater eius necnon et Ragnerus" when recording that they joined Zwentibold in 895[64]. Baudouin II invaded Péronne in 899[65] and attacked Vermandois, Artois and Boulogne, but was driven out of Vermandois by 900, although he reconquered it and killed Héribert II Comte de Vermandois in revenge for the death of his brother Raoul[66]. Count Baudouin also controlled the abbeys of St Vaast and St Bertin. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 918 of "Balduvinus comes", specifying that he was buried at "Blandinio"[67]. An undated charter, dated to [962], recording the last wishes of "marchysi Arnulfi", notes that "pater meus et mater mea" were buried in the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Gand[68]. His territories were divided between his two sons on his death[69]. m ([893/99]) ÆLFTHRYTH of Wessex, daughter of ALFRED King of Wessex & his wife Ealhswith of the Gainas ([877]-7 Jun 929, bur Gent, St Pieter). "Elfthtritham" is named by Roger of Hoveden, third in his list of King Alfred's daughters by Queen Ealhswith[70]. She is called "Æthelswitha" by Asser[71]. "Elftrudis" is named as wife of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin without giving her origin[72]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ names "filia Edgeri regis Anglorum, nomine Elferudem" as the wife of "Balduinus Calvus"[73], although "Edgeri" is clearly an error for "Alfredi". This marriage represented the start of a long-lasting alliance between England and Flanders, founded on their common interest in preventing Viking settlements along the coast. "Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated "hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini", by charter dated 11 Sep 918[74]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 929 of "filia regis Elftrudis comitissa"[75]. The Memorial of "Elstrudis…Balduini…domini" records her death "VII Iunii"[76]. An undated charter, dated to [962], recording the last wishes of "marchysi Arnulfi", notes that "pater meus et mater mea"were buried in the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Gand[77]. Count Baudouin II & his wife had [five] children: a) ARNOUL de Flandres (after [893/99]-murdered 27 Mar 964, bur Gent, St Pieter). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[78]. He succeeded his father in 918 as ARNOUL I "le Grand" Count of Flanders and Artois. - see below. b) ADALOLF [Æthelwulf] de Flandres (after [893/99]-13 Nov 933, bur Gent St Pieter). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[79]. "Adalolphus" is named son of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which specifies that he succeeded his father in 918 as Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer, de Thérouanne, and lay-Abbot of St Bertin[80]. "Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated "hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini", by charter dated 11 Sep 918[81]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 933 of "Adalulfus comes", specifying that he was buried "in monasterio sancti Petri"[82]. - COMTES de BOULOGNE. c) EALSWID de Flandres. "Ealhswid" is named as daughter of Count Baudouin and his wife Ælfthryth in the Chronicle of Æthelweard[83]. d) ERMENTRUDE de Flandres. "Earmentruth" is named as daughter of Count Baudouin and his wife Ælfthryth in the Chronicle of Æthelweard[84]. e) [---. No information has been found concerning this possible fifth child of Count Baudouin II. If "avunculus" is used in its strict sense in the source cited below, the child was a daughter. However, it is possible that "avunculus" was used informally as the counterpart of "nepos", the latter being much less precise and possibly indicating a more remote

B. COUNTS of FLANDERS [863]-1128

BAUDOUIN, son of [ODACRE [Audacer or Odoscer] & his wife ---] ([830/37]-Arras 879, bur Abbaye de Saint-Bertin near Saint-Omer[39]). The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana, dated to the second decade of the 12th century, names "Balduinum Ferreum" as son of "Audacer"[40]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ names "Balduinum Ferreum" as son of "Audacer"[41]. He is named as son of Audacer in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which records his year of death and placeof burial[42]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he was a young adult at the time of his marriage, which means that he must have been a child when his father died. He eloped with his future wife around Christmas 861. The AnnalesBlandinienses name "Baldwinum Ferreum filium Audacri" and "Balduvinus filius Audacri" when recording (respectively) his abduction of his wife in 862 and his death in 879[43]. He was granted the “pagus Flandrensis” in 863, and shortly after Ternois, Waasand the lay abbacy of St Peter of Gent[44], although the primary sources on which this is based have not yet been identified. He is known to history as BAUDOUIN I “der Gute/Ferreus/der Eisenarme” Count of Flanders, but it is improbable that he was referred to as such by contemporaries. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "…ex comitibus aut Tedericus, aut Balduinus, sive Chuonradus, seu Adalelmus" as those willing to support the emperor's son[45]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 879 of "Balduvinus, filius Audacri", specifying that he was buried at "Blandinie"[46]. According to legend, he built the church of St Donatien ("Sint Donaatskapittel") at Bruges.

m (Auxerre 13 Dec 862) as her third husband, JUDITH, widow firstly of ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex and secondly of ÆTHELBALD King of Wessex, daughter of CHARLES II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks [Carolingian] & his first wife Ermentrudis [d'Orléans] ([844]-after [870]). She is named as wife of Baudouin in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which also names her parents and her three sons[47]. She and her father are named by Roger of Hoveden when he records her marriage to King Æthelwulf[48]. Asser records that "Iuthittam, Karoli Francorum regis filiam" married "Æthelbald filius eius [=Æthelwulfo rege]" after the death of her first husband, commenting that it was "cum magna ab omnibus audientibus infamia"[49]. Roger of Hoveden also records this second marriage of Judith[50]. Flodoard names "Balduini comitis et Iudita…Karoli regis filia, Edilvulfo regi Anglorum qui et Edelboldus in matrimonium"[51]. The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Iudith et Hildegardim, Hirmintrudim et Gislam" as the four daughters of "Karolus imperator…ex Hyrmentrudi regina", specifying that Judith married "Balduinus comes"[52]. The Annales Bertiniani record that Judith returned to her father after the death of her second husband, lived at Senlis "sub tuitione paterna", and from there was abducted by "Balduinum comitem" with the consent of her brother Louis, her father consenting to the marriage the following year[53]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage in 862 of "Balduinus, Odacri filius" and "Iudith, Caroli regis filiam"[54]. The preceding information is pulled together by the Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ which names "Iudith vidua Adelbaldi regis Anglorum, filia Karoli Calvi regis Francorum" as the wife of "Balduinum Ferreum"[55]. No information has been found in the primary sources so far consulted which throws light on the possible date of death of Judith, although it is unlikely that she died before about 870 at the earliest, assuming that she was the mother of all the children who are named below.

Count Baudouin I & his wife had [five] children:

1. CHARLES ([864/65]-young). "Karolus brevis vite" is named as first of the three sons of Baudouin and his wife Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[56]. It is assumed that Charles died young as no other reference to him has been found.

2. BAUDOUIN ([865/67]-[10 Sep] 918, bur St Bertin, transferred 929 to Gent, St Pieter). He is named as second of the three sons of Baudouin and his wife Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[57]. He succeeded his father in 879 as BAUDOUIN II "le Chauve" Count of Flanders. According to Rösch, Baudouin II was nicknamed after his maternal grandfather although it is surprising that such a personal nickname could be so transmitted[58]. From his succession, he came under great pressure from Viking raids, and took refuge in the marshes of Saint-Omer in 883[59]. Baudouin II expanded his territories by occupying the pagi of Mempisc, Courtrai and the Ijzer, seizing control of the counties of Ternois and Boulonnais after 892 as well as the Tournaisis (except for the town of Tournai)[60]. Although Count Baudouin at first supported the election of Eudes as king of France in 888, the latter opposed the count's becoming lay-abbot of St Bertin (in 892, in succession to abbot Rudolf[61]) and pursued the count to Bruges, although the king was unable to capture the town. The Annales Vedastini record the death "Non Ian 892" of "Rodulfus abba", that "castellani Egfridum comitem" was sent to announce the news to the king, and that in his absence "Balduinum a Flandris…per consilium Evreberti qui nimis fuerat versutissimus" seized the abbacy against the wishes of the king who had promised it to Egfrid[62]. The Annales Vedastini record that "Balduinus" captured Artois in 892[63]. Count Baudouin supported the coronation of Charles III "le Simple" as king of the West Franks in 895, but afterwards supported Zwentibold Duke of Lotharingia. The Annales Vedastini name "Balduinus…comes et Rodulfus frater eius necnon et Ragnerus" when recording that they joined Zwentibold in 895[64]. Baudouin II invaded Péronne in 899[65] and attacked Vermandois, Artois and Boulogne, but was driven out of Vermandois by 900, although he reconquered it and killed Héribert II Comte de Vermandois in revenge for the death of his brother Raoul[66]. Count Baudouin also controlled the abbeys of St Vaast and St Bertin. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 918 of "Balduvinus comes", specifying that he was buried at "Blandinio"[67]. An undated charter, dated to [962], recording the last wishes of "marchysi Arnulfi", notes that "pater meus et mater mea" were buried in the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Gand[68]. His territories were divided between his two sons on his death[69]. m ([893/99]) ÆLFTHRYTH of Wessex, daughter of ALFRED King of Wessex & his wife Ealhswith of the Gainas ([877]-7 Jun 929, bur Gent, St Pieter). "Elfthtritham" is named by Roger of Hoveden, third in his list of King Alfred's daughters by Queen Ealhswith[70]. She is called "Æthelswitha" by Asser[71]. "Elftrudis" is named as wife of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin without giving her origin[72]. The Genealogia Comitum Flandriæ names "filia Edgeri regis Anglorum, nomine Elferudem" as the wife of "Balduinus Calvus"[73], although "Edgeri" is clearly an error for "Alfredi". This marriage represented the start of a long-lasting alliance between England and Flanders, founded on their common interest in preventing Viking settlements along the coast. "Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated "hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini", by charter dated 11 Sep 918[74]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 929 of "filia regis Elftrudis comitissa"[75]. The Memorial of "Elstrudis…Balduini…domini" records her death "VII Iunii"[76]. An undated charter, dated to [962], recording the last wishes of "marchysi Arnulfi", notes that "pater meus et mater mea"were buried in the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Gand[77]. Count Baudouin II & his wife had [five] children:

a) ARNOUL de Flandres (after [893/99]-murdered 27 Mar 964, bur Gent, St Pieter). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[78]. He succeeded his father in 918 as ARNOUL I "le Grand" Count of Flanders and Artois.

- see below.

b) ADALOLF [Æthelwulf] de Flandres (after [893/99]-13 Nov 933, bur Gent St Pieter). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Arnulfum, fratrem eius Adelulfum" as the two sons of "Balduinus"[79]. "Adalolphus" is named son of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which specifies that he succeeded his father in 918 as Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer, de Thérouanne, and lay-Abbot of St Bertin[80]. "Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated "hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini", by charter dated 11 Sep 918[81]. The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 933 of "Adalulfus comes", specifying that he was buried "in monasterio sancti Petri"[82].

- COMTES de BOULOGNE.

c) EALSWID de Flandres. "Ealhswid" is named as daughter of Count Baudouin and his wife Ælfthryth in the Chronicle of Æthelweard[83].

d) ERMENTRUDE de Flandres. "Earmentruth" is named as daughter of Count Baudouin and his wife Ælfthryth in the Chronicle of Æthelweard[84].

e) [---. No information has been found concerning this possible fifth child of Count Baudouin II. If "avunculus" is used in its strict sense in the source cited below, the child was a daughter. However, it is possible that "avunculus" was used informally as the counterpart of "nepos", the latter being much less precise and possibly indicating a more remote