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Source: Bretwalda From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Ecgberht became bretwalda in 829

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Type	Valeur
Titre	Bretwalda From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Ecgberht became bretwalda in 829

Entrées associées à cette source

Personnes
King EGBERT of Wessex RF01

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Notes


Bretwalda (also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda, sometimes capitalised) is an Old English word. The first record comes from the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is given to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. It is unclear whether the word dates back to the 5th century and was used by the kings themselves or whether it is a later, 9th-century, invention. The term bretwalda also appears in a 10th-century charter of Æthelstan. The literal meaning of the word is disputed and may translate to either 'wide-ruler' or 'Britain-ruler'. The rulers of Mercia were generally the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kings from the mid 7th century to the early 9th century but are not accorded the title of bretwalda by the Chronicle, which had an anti-Mercian bias. The Annals of Wales continued torecognise the kings of Northumbria as "Kings of the Saxons" until the death of Osred I of Northumbria in 716. Bretwaldas Listed by Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Ælle of Sussex (488–c. 514) Ceawlin of Wessex (560–592, died 593) Æthelberht of Kent (590–616) Rædwald of East Anglia (c. 600–around 624) Edwin of Deira (616–633) Oswald of Northumbria (633–642) Oswiu of Northumbria (642–670) Mercian rulers with similar or greater authority Penda of Mercia (628/633–655) Wulfhere of Mercia (658–675) Æthelred of Mercia (675–704, died 716) Æthelbald of Mercia (716–757) Offa of Mercia (757–796) Cœnwulf of Mercia (796–821) Listed only by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Egbert of Wessex (829–839) Alfred of Wessex (871–899) Other claimants Æthelstan of Wessex (927–939) Etymology The first syllable of the term bretwalda may be related to Briton or Britain. The second element is taken to mean 'ruler' or 'sovereign', though is more literally 'wielder'. Thus, this interpretation would mean 'sovereign of Britain' or 'wielder of Britain'.[1][2] The word may be a compound containing the Old English adjective brytten (from the verb breotan meaning 'to break' or 'to disperse'),[3] an element also found in the terms bryten rice ('kingdom'), bryten-grund ('the wide expanse of the earth') and bryten cyning ('king whose authority was widely extended'). Though the origin is ambiguous, the draughtsman of the charter issued by Æthelstan used the term in a way that can only mean 'wide-ruler'.[4]

Bretwalda (also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda, sometimes capitalised) is an Old English word. The first record comes from the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is given to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. It is unclear whether the word dates back to the 5th century and was used by the kings themselves or whether it is a later, 9th-century, invention. The term bretwalda also appears in a 10th-century charter of Æthelstan. The literal meaning of the word is disputed and may translate to either 'wide-ruler' or 'Britain-ruler'.

The rulers of Mercia were generally the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kings from the mid 7th century to the early 9th century but are not accorded the title of bretwalda by the Chronicle, which had an anti-Mercian bias. The Annals of Wales continued torecognise the kings of Northumbria as "Kings of the Saxons" until the death of Osred I of Northumbria in 716.
Bretwaldas
Listed by Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Ælle of Sussex (488–c. 514)
Ceawlin of Wessex (560–592, died 593)
Æthelberht of Kent (590–616)
Rædwald of East Anglia (c. 600–around 624)
Edwin of Deira (616–633)
Oswald of Northumbria (633–642)
Oswiu of Northumbria (642–670)
Mercian rulers with similar or greater authority
Penda of Mercia (628/633–655)
Wulfhere of Mercia (658–675)
Æthelred of Mercia (675–704, died 716)
Æthelbald of Mercia (716–757)
Offa of Mercia (757–796)
Cœnwulf of Mercia (796–821)
Listed only by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Egbert of Wessex (829–839)
Alfred of Wessex (871–899)
Other claimants
Æthelstan of Wessex (927–939)
Etymology
The first syllable of the term bretwalda may be related to Briton or Britain. The second element is taken to mean 'ruler' or 'sovereign', though is more literally 'wielder'. Thus, this interpretation would mean 'sovereign of Britain' or 'wielder of Britain'.[1][2] The word may be a compound containing the Old English adjective brytten (from the verb breotan meaning 'to break' or 'to disperse'),[3] an element also found in the terms bryten rice ('kingdom'), bryten-grund ('the wide expanse of the earth') and bryten cyning ('king whose authority was widely extended'). Though the origin is ambiguous, the draughtsman of the charter issued by Æthelstan used the term in a way that can only mean 'wide-ruler'.[4]