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Source: Geni: Coel Hen ap Tegfan, King of Northern Britain

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Coel Hen "The Old" ap Tegfan, King of Northern Britain French: Coel ap Tegfan, Roi de Grande Bretagne du Nord Gender: Male Birth: circa 340 England Death: November 19, 420 (76-84) Coilsfield, Tarbolton, England Immediate Family: Son of Tegfan Tasciovanus ap Deheuwaint Husband of Ystradwel "the Fair" verch Gadeon, of Rheged Father of Gwawl verch Coel; Garbanion ap Coel, King Of The Bryneich; Ceneu ap Coel Hen, Saint, Brenin Rheged & Catraeth and Dyfrwr ap Coel Brother of Guotepauc Gloff ap Tegfan Added by: Jon Brees Thogmartin FTDNA Mcclendon on September 3, 2007 Managed by: Brandon Keith Gregory and 96 others Curated by: Erin Spiceland See Peter Bartrum, http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/6516/TABLES%20-%20EARLY%20SERIES_08.png?sequence=38&isAllowed=y (May 5, 2018; Anne Brannen, curator) See Darrell Wolcott, http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id93.html, "Pedigree of the Ancient Lords of Ial," for the untangling of these lines. (April 21, 2016, Anne Brannen, curator) King Cole From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see King Cole (disambiguation). King Cole or Coel is the name of a figure, or multiple figures with similar names, prominent in British literature and legend since the Middle Ages. Early Welsh tradition knew of a Coel Hen (Coel the Old), a leader in Roman or Sub-Roman Britain and the progenitor of several kingly lines in the Hen Ogledd ("the Old North"), the Brythonic-speaking part of northern England and southern Scotland. Later medieval legend told of a Coel, apparently derived from Coel Hen, who was the father of Saint Helena and thegrandfather of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Other similarly-named characters may be confused or conflated with the Welsh Coel. The traditional "King Coel" may be the historical basis for the popular nursery rhyme "Old King Cole" Context and evidence Coel Hen appears in the Harleian genealogies and the later pedigrees known as the Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd (The Descent of the Men of the North) at the head of several post-Roman royal families of the Hen Ogledd. His line, collectively called the Coeling, included such noted figures as Urien, king of Rheged; Gwallog, perhaps king of Elmet; the brothers Gwrgi and Peredur, and Clydno Eiddin, king of Eiddin or Edinburg. He was also considered to be the father-in-law of Cunedda, founder of Gwynedd in North Wales, by his daughter Gwawl. The genealogies give him the epithet Godebog, meaning "Protector" or "Shelterer." The poem Y Gododdin mentions some enmity between the "Sons of Godebog" and the heroes who fought for the Gododdin at the Battle of Catraeth. As an ancestor figure, Coel Hen compares to Dumnagual Hen, who is likewise attributed with founding kingly lines in the Hen Ogledd. According to Welsh tradition the region of Kyle was named for Coel, and a mound at Coylton in Argyll was regarded as his tomb. Projections back from dated individuals suggest that Coel Hen lived around AD 350 – 420, during the time of the Roman departure from Britain. In his widely-criticized book The Age of Arthur, historian John Morris suggested that Coel may have been the last of the Roman Duces Brittanniarum (Dukes of the Britons) who commanded the Roman army in northern Britain. According to Morris he may have taken over the northern capital at Eburacum (York) to rule over what had been the northern province of Roman Britain. Upon Coel Hen's death, his lands would have been split between his sons, Garmonion and Cunedda II, and later his grandsons, Dunwal Moelmut, Cunedda III, and Gwrwst Ledlwn, thus creating the many old northern kingdoms of Britain. Later sources In his Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon mentions that a King Coel of Colchester was the father of Saint Helena and therefore the grandfather of Constantine the Great. The same claim appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, in a passage using some of the same words. However, Henry appears to have written this part of the Historia Anglorum before he knew about Geoffrey's work, leading J. S. P. Tatlock to conclude that Geoffrey borrowed the passage from Henry, rather than the other way around. The source of the claim is unknown, but it may have come from a lost hagiography of Helena. Geoffrey's largely fictional Historia Regum Britanniae expands upon Henry's brief mention, listing Coel as a King of the Britons following the reign of King Asclepiodotus. He states that, upset with Asclepiodotus's handling of the Diocletianic Persecution, Coel began a rebellion in the duchy of Caercolun (Colchester), of which he was duke. He met Asclepiodotus in battle and killed him, thus taking the kingship of Britain upon himself. Rome, apparently, was pleased that Britain had a new king and sent a senator, Constantius Chlorus, to negotiate with Coel. Afraid of the Romans, Coel met Constantius and agreed to pay tribute and submit to Roman laws as long as he was allowed to retain the kingship. Constantius agreed to these terms but, one month later, Coel died. Constantius married Coel's daughter, Helena, and crowned himself as Coel's successor. Helen later gave birth to a son who became the Emperor, Constantine the Great, giving a British pedigree to the Roman imperial line. [edit]Notes ^ Opie and Opie, pp. 134-5. ^ a b c Bromwich, pp. 256–257. ^ a b c MacQuarrie, p. 5. ^ Koch, p. 458. ^ Bromwich, p. 314. ^ N. J. Lacy, A history of Arthurian scholarship Arthurian studies, 65 (Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2006), pp. 9-10. ^ Morris, p. 54 ^ Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, Book I, ch. 37. ^ Greenway, pp. 60–61. ^ a b Greenway, p. civ. ^ a b Thorpe, p. 17; 131. ^ Harbus, p. 74. [edit]References Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8. Greenway, Diana (Ed.); Henry of Huntingdon (1996). Historia Anglorum: The History of the English People. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198222246. Harbus, A. (2002). Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend. D. S. Brewer. Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1851094407. MacQuarrie, Alan; A. Grant & K. Stringer (Eds.) (1993). "The Kings of Strathclyde." Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community (Edinburgh University Press): 1–19. Morris, John (1973). The Age of Arthur. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Opie, I.; Opie, P. (1997). The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Oxford University Press. Thorpe, Lewis (Ed.); Geoffrey of Monmouth (1966). The History of the Kings of Britain. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0. Coel Hen was married to Ystradwal, the daughter of Cadfan, who was born about 360 and was much younger than Coel. They had three children, St. Ceneu c382, a daughter Gwawl c384 who married Cunedda Wledig of the family line, and Garbanion c392. Ceneu had three sons Mor c 422, Gwarst Lledlwm (the Ragged) and Dyfnwal Moelmud (the Bald and Silent) c425. Mor had three sons, Einion c450, who fathered Eliffer Gosgorddfawr (Of The Great Army) c484 married to Erfiddyl, Ceidio c488 and Rhun Ryfedd Mawr (of great Wealth). The second son of Mor was Arthwys c 455, who it has been claimed was the real King Arthur. Arthwys had two sons, St.Pabo Post Prydain c470 – 530, whose daughter Arddyn Penasgell (Wing Headed) c510 married Brochfael Ysgythrog of the family line. The second son was Cynfelyn c474. The next son of Mor was Morydd c456, who in turn fathered Morfryn Frych (the Freckled), who after marrying Alden was later to become a king in the Gwynedd area. Ceneu’s second son Gwarst is known to have fathered two sons, Meirchion Gul (the Lean) c422 and Masgwid Gloff c444, King of Elmet. Meirchion Gul had three sons, which caused the Rheged kingdom to be split. The first was Cynfarch Oer (the Dismal) c461, King of North Rheged, and the second Elidyr Llydanwyn (the Stout and Handsome) c464. They married two sisters Nyfain and Gwawr, the daughters of Brychan. The third was Idno c466 who had no offspring. Masgwid Gloff had five sons, Llaennog c475, King of Elmet and his brothers Einion c477, Arthwys c479, St. Cynllo c481 and Ceredig c483, none of whom became kings or had family. Ceneu’s third son Dyfnwal Moelmud (the Bald and Silent), who fathered Cyngar c455 and Bran Hen (the Old) c460. Cyngar in turn fathered Morgan Fwlch c485 to become King of Bryneich. Bran Hen appears to be without issue. Coel Hen’s daughter Gwawl, married to Cunedda, is reputed to have had eight sons who went with their father into north Wales to drive out the Irish and after whom many Welsh counties are named. Coels other son was Garbanion c390. It can be seen from the above that from the fourth generation after Coel Hen the kingdom was split into many smaller kingdoms to satisfy the male offspring of current kings. It now became increasingly difficult to split kingdoms further and the practice began of leaving the kingdom to the eldest son or having joint kings. The female line were married off into as high a family as possible. It will be noticed that where there are more than one child a gap of two years separate them as this is thought to be an earliest/average gap for those times. It is now proposed to list future generations under the kingdoms, as follows :- EBRAUNC from Eliffer Gosgorddfawr. Peredyr Arueu Dur (Steel Arms) c510 – 580 Gwrgant Gwron (the Hero) c540 St. Cedwyn c570 Gwrgi c510 – 580 Ceindrech Penasgell c510 (Later married Brochfael – King of Powys) Other unknown sons. NORTH OF SALWAY from Einion. Ceido c488 Gwenddolew c520 Nudd c522 Caw c524 SOUTH OF SALWAY from Rhun Ryfedd Mawr. Perfawr (daughter) c510 who married Rhun Hir (the Tall) of Gwynedd, c508 – 586 Rhun c492 PENNINES from St. Pabo Post (Pillar of Britain) Sawyl Penuchel (the Arrogant) c488 – King of North Pennines. 1st wife Deicher of Ulster. Nesta (daughter) c494 married Maelgwn Gwynedd – King of Gwynedd c480 – 549. Gwidgwn c496. Cadwallon c520 St. Madog Ailither (the Pi..

Coel Hen "The Old" ap Tegfan, King of Northern Britain
French: Coel ap Tegfan, Roi de Grande Bretagne du Nord
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 340
England
Death: November 19, 420 (76-84)
Coilsfield, Tarbolton, England
Immediate Family:
Son of Tegfan Tasciovanus ap Deheuwaint
Husband of Ystradwel "the Fair" verch Gadeon, of Rheged
Father of Gwawl verch Coel; Garbanion ap Coel, King Of The Bryneich; Ceneu ap Coel Hen, Saint, Brenin Rheged & Catraeth and Dyfrwr ap Coel
Brother of Guotepauc Gloff ap Tegfan
Added by: Jon Brees Thogmartin FTDNA Mcclendon on September 3, 2007
Managed by: Brandon Keith Gregory and 96 others
Curated by: Erin Spiceland

See Peter Bartrum, http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/6516/TABLES%20-%20EARLY%20SERIES_08.png?sequence=38&isAllowed=y (May 5, 2018; Anne Brannen, curator)

See Darrell Wolcott, http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id93.html, "Pedigree of the Ancient Lords of Ial," for the untangling of these lines. (April 21, 2016, Anne Brannen, curator)

King Cole

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see King Cole (disambiguation).

King Cole or Coel is the name of a figure, or multiple figures with similar names, prominent in British literature and legend since the Middle Ages. Early Welsh tradition knew of a Coel Hen (Coel the Old), a leader in Roman or Sub-Roman Britain and the progenitor of several kingly lines in the Hen Ogledd ("the Old North"), the Brythonic-speaking part of northern England and southern Scotland. Later medieval legend told of a Coel, apparently derived from Coel Hen, who was the father of Saint Helena and thegrandfather of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Other similarly-named characters may be confused or conflated with the Welsh Coel. The traditional "King Coel" may be the historical basis for the popular nursery rhyme "Old King Cole"

Context and evidence

Coel Hen appears in the Harleian genealogies and the later pedigrees known as the Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd (The Descent of the Men of the North) at the head of several post-Roman royal families of the Hen Ogledd. His line, collectively called the Coeling, included such noted figures as Urien, king of Rheged; Gwallog, perhaps king of Elmet; the brothers Gwrgi and Peredur, and Clydno Eiddin, king of Eiddin or Edinburg. He was also considered to be the father-in-law of Cunedda, founder of Gwynedd in North Wales, by his daughter Gwawl. The genealogies give him the epithet Godebog, meaning "Protector" or "Shelterer." The poem Y Gododdin mentions some enmity between the "Sons of Godebog" and the heroes who fought for the Gododdin at the Battle of Catraeth.

As an ancestor figure, Coel Hen compares to Dumnagual Hen, who is likewise attributed with founding kingly lines in the Hen Ogledd. According to Welsh tradition the region of Kyle was named for Coel, and a mound at Coylton in Argyll was regarded as his tomb. Projections back from dated individuals suggest that Coel Hen lived around AD 350 – 420, during the time of the Roman departure from Britain. In his widely-criticized book The Age of Arthur, historian John Morris suggested that Coel may have been the last of the Roman Duces Brittanniarum (Dukes of the Britons) who commanded the Roman army in northern Britain. According to Morris he may have taken over the northern capital at Eburacum (York) to rule over what had been the northern province of Roman Britain. Upon Coel Hen's death, his lands would have been split between his sons, Garmonion and Cunedda II, and later his grandsons, Dunwal Moelmut, Cunedda III, and Gwrwst Ledlwn, thus creating the many old northern kingdoms of Britain.

Later sources

In his Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon mentions that a King Coel of Colchester was the father of Saint Helena and therefore the grandfather of Constantine the Great. The same claim appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, in a passage using some of the same words. However, Henry appears to have written this part of the Historia Anglorum before he knew about Geoffrey's work, leading J. S. P. Tatlock to conclude that Geoffrey borrowed the passage from Henry, rather than the other way around. The source of the claim is unknown, but it may have come from a lost hagiography of Helena.

Geoffrey's largely fictional Historia Regum Britanniae expands upon Henry's brief mention, listing Coel as a King of the Britons following the reign of King Asclepiodotus. He states that, upset with Asclepiodotus's handling of the Diocletianic Persecution, Coel began a rebellion in the duchy of Caercolun (Colchester), of which he was duke. He met Asclepiodotus in battle and killed him, thus taking the kingship of Britain upon himself. Rome, apparently, was pleased that Britain had a new king and sent a senator, Constantius Chlorus, to negotiate with Coel. Afraid of the Romans, Coel met Constantius and agreed to pay tribute and submit to Roman laws as long as he was allowed to retain the kingship. Constantius agreed to these terms but, one month later, Coel died. Constantius married Coel's daughter, Helena, and crowned himself as Coel's successor. Helen later gave birth to a son who became the Emperor, Constantine the Great, giving a British pedigree to the Roman imperial line.

[edit]Notes

^ Opie and Opie, pp. 134-5.

^ a b c Bromwich, pp. 256–257.

^ a b c MacQuarrie, p. 5.

^ Koch, p. 458.

^ Bromwich, p. 314.

^ N. J. Lacy, A history of Arthurian scholarship Arthurian studies, 65 (Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2006), pp. 9-10.

^ Morris, p. 54

^ Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, Book I, ch. 37.

^ Greenway, pp. 60–61.

^ a b Greenway, p. civ.

^ a b Thorpe, p. 17; 131.

^ Harbus, p. 74.

[edit]References

Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8.

Greenway, Diana (Ed.); Henry of Huntingdon (1996). Historia Anglorum: The History of the English People. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198222246.

Harbus, A. (2002). Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend. D. S. Brewer.

Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1851094407.

MacQuarrie, Alan; A. Grant & K. Stringer (Eds.) (1993). "The Kings of Strathclyde." Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community (Edinburgh University Press): 1–19.

Morris, John (1973). The Age of Arthur. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Opie, I.; Opie, P. (1997). The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Oxford University Press.

Thorpe, Lewis (Ed.); Geoffrey of Monmouth (1966). The History of the Kings of Britain. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0.

Coel Hen was married to Ystradwal, the daughter of Cadfan, who was born about 360 and was much younger than Coel. They had three children, St. Ceneu c382, a daughter Gwawl c384 who married Cunedda Wledig of the family line, and Garbanion c392.

Ceneu had three sons Mor c 422, Gwarst Lledlwm (the Ragged) and Dyfnwal Moelmud (the Bald and Silent) c425. Mor had three sons, Einion c450, who fathered Eliffer Gosgorddfawr (Of The Great Army) c484 married to Erfiddyl, Ceidio c488 and Rhun Ryfedd Mawr (of great Wealth). The second son of Mor was Arthwys c 455, who it has been claimed was the real King Arthur. Arthwys had two sons, St.Pabo Post Prydain c470 – 530, whose daughter Arddyn Penasgell (Wing Headed) c510 married Brochfael Ysgythrog of the family line. The second son was Cynfelyn c474. The next son of Mor was Morydd c456, who in turn fathered Morfryn Frych (the Freckled), who after marrying Alden was later to become a king in the Gwynedd area.

Ceneu’s second son Gwarst is known to have fathered two sons, Meirchion Gul (the Lean) c422 and Masgwid Gloff c444, King of Elmet. Meirchion Gul had three sons, which caused the Rheged kingdom to be split. The first was Cynfarch Oer (the Dismal) c461, King of North Rheged, and the second Elidyr Llydanwyn (the Stout and Handsome) c464. They married two sisters Nyfain and Gwawr, the daughters of Brychan. The third was Idno c466 who had no offspring. Masgwid Gloff had five sons, Llaennog c475, King of Elmet and his brothers Einion c477, Arthwys c479, St. Cynllo c481 and Ceredig c483, none of whom became kings or had family.

Ceneu’s third son Dyfnwal Moelmud (the Bald and Silent), who fathered Cyngar c455 and Bran Hen (the Old) c460. Cyngar in turn fathered Morgan Fwlch c485 to become King of Bryneich. Bran Hen appears to be without issue.

Coel Hen’s daughter Gwawl, married to Cunedda, is reputed to have had eight sons who went with their father into north Wales to drive out the Irish and after whom many Welsh counties are named. Coels other son was Garbanion c390.

It can be seen from the above that from the fourth generation after Coel Hen the kingdom was split into many smaller kingdoms to satisfy the male offspring of current kings. It now became increasingly difficult to split kingdoms further and the practice began of leaving the kingdom to the eldest son or having joint kings. The female line were married off into as high a family as possible. It will be noticed that where there are more than one child a gap of two years separate them as this is thought to be an earliest/average gap for those times.

It is now proposed to list future generations under the kingdoms, as follows :-

EBRAUNC from Eliffer Gosgorddfawr.

Peredyr Arueu Dur (Steel Arms) c510 – 580

Gwrgant Gwron (the Hero) c540
St. Cedwyn c570
Gwrgi c510 – 580

Ceindrech Penasgell c510 (Later married Brochfael – King of Powys)

Other unknown sons.

NORTH OF SALWAY from Einion.

Ceido c488
Gwenddolew c520
Nudd c522
Caw c524
SOUTH OF SALWAY from Rhun Ryfedd Mawr.

Perfawr (daughter) c510 who married Rhun Hir (the Tall) of Gwynedd, c508 – 586
Rhun c492
PENNINES from St. Pabo Post (Pillar of Britain)

Sawyl Penuchel (the Arrogant) c488 – King of North Pennines. 1st wife Deicher of Ulster.
Nesta (daughter) c494 married Maelgwn Gwynedd – King of Gwynedd c480 – 549.
Gwidgwn c496.
Cadwallon c520
St. Madog Ailither (the Pi..