Généalogie and Heritage

Source: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Charlemagne, Pepin and Bernard, Kings of Italy

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Type	Valeur
Titre	Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Charlemagne, Pepin and Bernard, Kings of Italy

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KARL I (CHARLEMAGNE) Fränkisches Reich Charles the Great CG02 CG04

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CHARLES, son of PEPIN "le Bref" King of the Franks & his wife Bertrada [Berta] "au Grand Pied" ([near Aix-la-Chapelle[57]] 2 Apr [747/48]-Aix-la-Chapelle 28 Jan 814, bur Aix-la-Chapelle, Chapelle Sainte-Marie). He is named first son of King Pépin and Bertrada in the Cartulaire of Saint-Bertin[58]. A calendar from Lorsch records the birth “IV Non Apr” of “Karoli imperatoris et semper augusti”[59]. The year of his birth is open to debate. The Annales Fuldenses record his death in 814 at the age of about 71[60], which would suggest [742/43] which is inconsistent with the suggested marriage date of his parents (see above). The Annalium Petavianorum Continuatio record the birth in 747 of “Karolus rex”[61]. Settipani suggests that this date should be considered “Old Style”. This assumes (1) that the Lorsch calendar correctly records the day of his birth, (2) that the order of entries for that year in the Annalium Petavianorum Continuatio is chronological (the preceding sentence records Carloman’s departure for Rome which is dated to after 15 Aug 747[62]), and (3) that 2 Apr 747 was Easter Sunday which he suggests would have been noted in sources if it had been the emperor’s date of birth[63]. It seems preferable to indicate [747/48] as Charles’s possible date of birth. The conjectures about Charles’s place of birth were discussed at length by Hahn in the mid-19th century[64]. At the coronation of his father in 754, Charles was also anointed by Pope Stephen III [II][65]. On the death of his father, he received the larger part of Austrasia, Neustria and western Aquitaine, succeeding as CHARLES I joint King of the Franks, jointly with his brother Carloman, and was crowned 9 Oct 768 at Noyon. He suppressed the revolt of Hunald in Aquitaine in 769, over which he quarrelled with his brother Carloman[66]. On the death of his brother in 771, he set aside the rights of his nephew and became sole king of the Franks. He defended the Pope against the Lombards, conquering their kingdom in 773. He is recorded in charters as having used the title "rex Francorum et Langobardorum" from 5 Jun 774, adding "atque patricius Romanorum" from 16 Jul 774[67]. He accepted the submission of Saxony at Paderborn in 777. During his campaign in Spain in 778, he captured Pamplona, while Zaragoza, Huesca, Barcelona and Girona swore allegiance to him. He had his sons crowned king of the Lombards and king of the Aquitainians by Pope Adrian I at Rome 15 Apr 781. He incorporated Bavaria and Carinthia into his kingdom in 787, followed by Thuringia, Hessen and Alemannia, by 797. He re-established Pope Leo III after the latter was ambushed by the Romans in 799, and was crowned CHARLES I “Charlemagne” Emperor of the Romans in St Peter's Rome 25 Dec 800, which the Pope justified technically on the basis of an alleged vacancy of the imperial throne, which could not be occupied by a woman, during the reign at Constantinople of Empress Eirene. At the assembly of Thionville 6 Feb 806, Emperor Charles decided the division of territories between his sons. Byzantine ambassadors from Emperor Mikhael I finally recognised Charlemagne as emperor (although not "Roman Emperor") at Aix-la-Chapelle in 812[68]. After the death of his two older sons, he crowned his son Louis as associate emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle 11 Sep 813. The necrology of Prüm records the death "814 V Kal Feb" of "Karolus imperator"[69]. The Annales Fuldenses record the death "814 V Kal Feb" of "Karolus imperator" at Aachen at the age of about 71[70]. The necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death 814 “V Kal Feb” of “domni Karoli imperatoris”[71]. m firstly (769, repudiated [770/early 771]) --- of the Lombards, daughter of DESIDERIUS King of the Lombards & his wife Ansa ---. Einhard calls King Charles's first wife "filiam Desiderii regis Langobardorum"[72]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Berhta regina" brought "filiam Desiderii regis Langobardorum" back from Italy as the wife for "Karolo filio suo"[73]. Her husband sent her back to her father after repudiating her. m secondly (Aix-la-Chapelle 771 before 30 Apr) HILDEGARD, daughter of GEROLD Graf im Kraichgau [Udalrichinger] & his wife Imma (758-Thionville, Moselle 30 Apr 783[74], bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul[75]). Einhard refers to Hildegard as "de gente Suavorum"[76]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names her "Hildigardam quæ erat de cognatione Gotefridi ducis Alamannorum" and specifies that she was the daughter of Imma[77]. The Annales Laurissenses record the death "783 pridie Kal Mai" of "Hildegardis regina" and her burial "iuxta urbem Mettensem in basilica apostolorum et beati Arnulfi"[78]. She died from the after effects of childbirth, according to the epitaph of her daughter Hildegard[79]. Paulus Diaconus wrote an epitaph to "Hildegardis regina"[80]. m thirdly (Worms Oct 783[81]) FASTRADA, daughter of RADULF Graf & his wife --- (-Frankfurt-am-Main 10 Oct 794, bur Mainz, St Alban[82]). The Annales Laurissenses record the marriage in 783 at Worms of King Charles and "domne Fastradæ regina"[83]. Einhard's Annals record the king's marriage in 783 to "filiam Radolfi comitis natione Francam, nomine Fastradam"[84]. Fastrada, wife of King Charles, is referred to as "de Orientalium Francorum, Germanorum videlicet" by Einhard[85]. Her cruelty triggered the revolt of her husband's illegitimate son Pépin "le Bossu" in 792[86]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in Frankfurt in 794 of "Fastrada regina"[87]. Einhard records the death in 794 of "Fastrada regina" at Frankfurt and her burial "Mogontiaci apud sanctum Albanum"[88]. Theodulf wrote the epitaph of "Fastradæ reginæ"[89]. m fourthly ([794/autumn 796]) LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-Tours 4 Jun 800, bur Tours, église Saint-Martin[90]). Einhard names "Liudgardam Alamannam" as King Charles's fourth wife, specifying that she died childless[91]. Angilbert's poem Ad Pippinum Italiæ regum names "Liutgardis" as the wife of King Charles[92]. The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio records the death "II Non Iun 800" at Tours of "domnæ Liutgardæ coniugis" and her burial at Tours[93]. Mistress (1): HIMILTRUD, daughter of ---. "Himiltrude nobili puella" is named mother of "Pippinum" in the Gesta Mettensium[94]. Mistress (2): ---. Einhard refers to "Ruodhaidem" as the daughter of King Charles and an unnamed concubine[95]. Mistress (3): [MADELGARD] , daughter of ---. Settipani names Madelgardis as the mistress of King Charles, and mother of Rothildis abbess of Faremoutiers[96]. However, he cites no primary source on which this is based, apart from a reference to an early 9th century list of nuns at Faremoutiers which includes the name. No reference has been found to her in any of the sources so far consulted. Mistress (4): GERSWINDA, daughter of ---. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Gersuindam Saxonici generis", and her daughter Adaltrud[97]. Mistress (5): REGINA, daughter of ---. 800. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Reginam", and her sons "Drogonem et Hugum"[98]. Mistress (6): ADELINDIS, daughter of ---. 806. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Adallindem", and her son "Theodricum"[99]. King Charles I & his second wife had nine children[100]: 1. CHARLES ([772/73]-in Bavaria 4 Dec 811[101]). 2. ADELAIS (in Italy [Sep 773/Jun 774]-in Italy [Jul/Aug] 774, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul). 3. HROTHRUDIS [Rotrud] ([775]-6 Jun 810[115]). 4. CARLOMAN [Pépin] (777-Milan 8 Jul 810, bur Verona, San Zeno Maggiore). 5. HLUDOWIC [Louis] (Chasseneuil-du-Poitou {Vienne} [16 Apr/Sep] 778-island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 Jun 840, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul). 6. HLOTHAR [Lothar] (Chasseneuil-du-Poitou {Vienne} [16 Apr/Sep] 778-[779/780]). 7. BERTRADA [Berta] ([779/80]-11 Mar, 824 or after). 8. GISELA (781 before May-after 800, maybe after 814). 9. HILDEGARD (Thionville [Mar/Apr] 783-[1/8] Jun 783, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul). King Charles I & his third wife had two children: 10. THEODRADA ([785]-[9 Jan 844/853]). 11. HILTRUD ([787]-after 800, maybe after 814). King Charles I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1): 12. PEPIN “le Bossu” ([770]-Abbey of Prüm 811). He is named, and his parentage recorded, in the Gesta Mettensium, which specifies that he was born before his father married Queen Hildegard[163]. He rebelled against his father in 792, allegedly due to the cruelty of Queen Fastrada[164], was judged by an assembly at Regensburg and imprisoned in the Abbey of St-Gallen. He was transferred to the Abbey of Prüm in 794[165]. King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2): 13. CHROTHAIS [Rotaïde] ([784]-after 800, maybe after 814). "Ruodhaidem" is named daughter of King Charles and an unnamed concubine by Einhard[166]. Theodulf's poem Ad Carolum Rege names (in order) "Berta…Chrodtrudh…Gisla…Rothaidh…Hiltrudh, Tetdrada" as daughters of the king[167]. King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (3): 14. ROTHILDIS [Rouhaut] ([784]-24 Mar 852). Abbess at Faremoutiers from before Oct 840[168]. Her parentage is proved by the necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés which records the death "XI Kal Apr" of "Rothildis abbatisse et monache filia regis magni Karoli"[169]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XI Kal Mar" of "Rotildis abbatissa"[170]. King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (4): 15. ADALTRUD . Einhard names "Adaltrud" daughter of King Charles by his concubine "Gersuindam Saxonici generis"[171]. King Charles I had two illegitimate sons by Mistress (5): 16. DROGO [Dreux] (17 Jun 801-drowned Himeriacum, Bourgogne 8 Dec 855, bur Metz Saint-Arnoul). 17. HUGO [Hugues] "l’Abbé" ([802/06]-killed in battle Angoulême 14 Jun 844, bur Abbaye de Charroux. +

CHARLES, son of PEPIN "le Bref" King of the Franks & his wife Bertrada [Berta] "au Grand Pied" ([near Aix-la-Chapelle[57]] 2 Apr [747/48]-Aix-la-Chapelle 28 Jan 814, bur Aix-la-Chapelle, Chapelle Sainte-Marie). He is named first son of King Pépin and Bertrada in the Cartulaire of Saint-Bertin[58]. A calendar from Lorsch records the birth “IV Non Apr” of “Karoli imperatoris et semper augusti”[59]. The year of his birth is open to debate. The Annales Fuldenses record his death in 814 at the age of about 71[60], which would suggest [742/43] which is inconsistent with the suggested marriage date of his parents (see above). The Annalium Petavianorum Continuatio record the birth in 747 of “Karolus rex”[61]. Settipani suggests that this date should be considered “Old Style”. This assumes (1) that the Lorsch calendar correctly records the day of his birth, (2) that the order of entries for that year in the Annalium Petavianorum Continuatio is chronological (the preceding sentence records Carloman’s departure for Rome which is dated to after 15 Aug 747[62]), and (3) that 2 Apr 747 was Easter Sunday which he suggests would have been noted in sources if it had been the emperor’s date of birth[63]. It seems preferable to indicate [747/48] as Charles’s possible date of birth. The conjectures about Charles’s place of birth were discussed at length by Hahn in the mid-19th century[64]. At the coronation of his father in 754, Charles was also anointed by Pope Stephen III [II][65]. On the death of his father, he received the larger part of Austrasia, Neustria and western Aquitaine, succeeding as CHARLES I joint King of the Franks, jointly with his brother Carloman, and was crowned 9 Oct 768 at Noyon. He suppressed the revolt of Hunald in Aquitaine in 769, over which he quarrelled with his brother Carloman[66]. On the death of his brother in 771, he set aside the rights of his nephew and became sole king of the Franks. He defended the Pope against the Lombards, conquering their kingdom in 773. He is recorded in charters as having used the title "rex Francorum et Langobardorum" from 5 Jun 774, adding "atque patricius Romanorum" from 16 Jul 774[67]. He accepted the submission of Saxony at Paderborn in 777. During his campaign in Spain in 778, he captured Pamplona, while Zaragoza, Huesca, Barcelona and Girona swore allegiance to him. He had his sons crowned king of the Lombards and king of the Aquitainians by Pope Adrian I at Rome 15 Apr 781. He incorporated Bavaria and Carinthia into his kingdom in 787, followed by Thuringia, Hessen and Alemannia, by 797. He re-established Pope Leo III after the latter was ambushed by the Romans in 799, and was crowned CHARLES I “Charlemagne” Emperor of the Romans in St Peter's Rome 25 Dec 800, which the Pope justified technically on the basis of an alleged vacancy of the imperial throne, which could not be occupied by a woman, during the reign at Constantinople of Empress Eirene. At the assembly of Thionville 6 Feb 806, Emperor Charles decided the division of territories between his sons. Byzantine ambassadors from Emperor Mikhael I finally recognised Charlemagne as emperor (although not "Roman Emperor") at Aix-la-Chapelle in 812[68]. After the death of his two older sons, he crowned his son Louis as associate emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle 11 Sep 813. The necrology of Prüm records the death "814 V Kal Feb" of "Karolus imperator"[69]. The Annales Fuldenses record the death "814 V Kal Feb" of "Karolus imperator" at Aachen at the age of about 71[70]. The necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death 814 “V Kal Feb” of “domni Karoli imperatoris”[71].

m firstly (769, repudiated [770/early 771]) --- of the Lombards, daughter of DESIDERIUS King of the Lombards & his wife Ansa ---. Einhard calls King Charles's first wife "filiam Desiderii regis Langobardorum"[72]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Berhta regina" brought "filiam Desiderii regis Langobardorum" back from Italy as the wife for "Karolo filio suo"[73]. Her husband sent her back to her father after repudiating her.

m secondly (Aix-la-Chapelle 771 before 30 Apr) HILDEGARD, daughter of GEROLD Graf im Kraichgau [Udalrichinger] & his wife Imma (758-Thionville, Moselle 30 Apr 783[74], bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul[75]). Einhard refers to Hildegard as "de gente Suavorum"[76]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names her "Hildigardam quæ erat de cognatione Gotefridi ducis Alamannorum" and specifies that she was the daughter of Imma[77]. The Annales Laurissenses record the death "783 pridie Kal Mai" of "Hildegardis regina" and her burial "iuxta urbem Mettensem in basilica apostolorum et beati Arnulfi"[78]. She died from the after effects of childbirth, according to the epitaph of her daughter Hildegard[79]. Paulus Diaconus wrote an epitaph to "Hildegardis regina"[80].

m thirdly (Worms Oct 783[81]) FASTRADA, daughter of RADULF Graf & his wife --- (-Frankfurt-am-Main 10 Oct 794, bur Mainz, St Alban[82]). The Annales Laurissenses record the marriage in 783 at Worms of King Charles and "domne Fastradæ regina"[83]. Einhard's Annals record the king's marriage in 783 to "filiam Radolfi comitis natione Francam, nomine Fastradam"[84]. Fastrada, wife of King Charles, is referred to as "de Orientalium Francorum, Germanorum videlicet" by Einhard[85]. Her cruelty triggered the revolt of her husband's illegitimate son Pépin "le Bossu" in 792[86]. The Annales Xantenses record the death in Frankfurt in 794 of "Fastrada regina"[87]. Einhard records the death in 794 of "Fastrada regina" at Frankfurt and her burial "Mogontiaci apud sanctum Albanum"[88]. Theodulf wrote the epitaph of "Fastradæ reginæ"[89].

m fourthly ([794/autumn 796]) LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-Tours 4 Jun 800, bur Tours, église Saint-Martin[90]). Einhard names "Liudgardam Alamannam" as King Charles's fourth wife, specifying that she died childless[91]. Angilbert's poem Ad Pippinum Italiæ regum names "Liutgardis" as the wife of King Charles[92]. The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio records the death "II Non Iun 800" at Tours of "domnæ Liutgardæ coniugis" and her burial at Tours[93].

Mistress (1): HIMILTRUD, daughter of ---. "Himiltrude nobili puella" is named mother of "Pippinum" in the Gesta Mettensium[94].
Mistress (2): ---. Einhard refers to "Ruodhaidem" as the daughter of King Charles and an unnamed concubine[95].
Mistress (3): [MADELGARD] , daughter of ---. Settipani names Madelgardis as the mistress of King Charles, and mother of Rothildis abbess of Faremoutiers[96]. However, he cites no primary source on which this is based, apart from a reference to an early 9th century list of nuns at Faremoutiers which includes the name. No reference has been found to her in any of the sources so far consulted.
Mistress (4): GERSWINDA, daughter of ---. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Gersuindam Saxonici generis", and her daughter Adaltrud[97].
Mistress (5): REGINA, daughter of ---. 800. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Reginam", and her sons "Drogonem et Hugum"[98].
Mistress (6): ADELINDIS, daughter of ---. 806. Einhard names King Charles's concubine "Adallindem", and her son "Theodricum"[99].

King Charles I & his second wife had nine children[100]:
1. CHARLES ([772/73]-in Bavaria 4 Dec 811[101]).
2. ADELAIS (in Italy [Sep 773/Jun 774]-in Italy [Jul/Aug] 774, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul).
3. HROTHRUDIS [Rotrud] ([775]-6 Jun 810[115]).
4. CARLOMAN [Pépin] (777-Milan 8 Jul 810, bur Verona, San Zeno Maggiore).
5. HLUDOWIC [Louis] (Chasseneuil-du-Poitou {Vienne} [16 Apr/Sep] 778-island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 Jun 840, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul).
6. HLOTHAR [Lothar] (Chasseneuil-du-Poitou {Vienne} [16 Apr/Sep] 778-[779/780]).
7. BERTRADA [Berta] ([779/80]-11 Mar, 824 or after).
8. GISELA (781 before May-after 800, maybe after 814).
9. HILDEGARD (Thionville [Mar/Apr] 783-[1/8] Jun 783, bur Metz, église abbatiale de Saint-Arnoul).

King Charles I & his third wife had two children:
10. THEODRADA ([785]-[9 Jan 844/853]).
11. HILTRUD ([787]-after 800, maybe after 814).

King Charles I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):
12. PEPIN “le Bossu” ([770]-Abbey of Prüm 811). He is named, and his parentage recorded, in the Gesta Mettensium, which specifies that he was born before his father married Queen Hildegard[163]. He rebelled against his father in 792, allegedly due to the cruelty of Queen Fastrada[164], was judged by an assembly at Regensburg and imprisoned in the Abbey of St-Gallen. He was transferred to the Abbey of Prüm in 794[165].
King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2):
13. CHROTHAIS [Rotaïde] ([784]-after 800, maybe after 814). "Ruodhaidem" is named daughter of King Charles and an unnamed concubine by Einhard[166]. Theodulf's poem Ad Carolum Rege names (in order) "Berta…Chrodtrudh…Gisla…Rothaidh…Hiltrudh, Tetdrada" as daughters of the king[167].
King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (3):
14. ROTHILDIS [Rouhaut] ([784]-24 Mar 852). Abbess at Faremoutiers from before Oct 840[168]. Her parentage is proved by the necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés which records the death "XI Kal Apr" of "Rothildis abbatisse et monache filia regis magni Karoli"[169]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XI Kal Mar" of "Rotildis abbatissa"[170].
King Charles I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (4):
15. ADALTRUD . Einhard names "Adaltrud" daughter of King Charles by his concubine "Gersuindam Saxonici generis"[171].
King Charles I had two illegitimate sons by Mistress (5):
16. DROGO [Dreux] (17 Jun 801-drowned Himeriacum, Bourgogne 8 Dec 855, bur Metz Saint-Arnoul).
17. HUGO [Hugues] "l’Abbé" ([802/06]-killed in battle Angoulême 14 Jun 844, bur Abbaye de Charroux. +