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Source: List of monarchs of Wessex From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Titre	List of monarchs of Wessex From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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CYNRIC of Wessex

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This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 886 AD. For later monarchs, see the List of English monarchs. While the details of the later monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources, the earlier ones are in many cases obscure. The names are given in modern English form followed by the names and titles (as far as is known) in contemporary Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Latin, the prevalent languages of record at the time in England. This was a period in which spellings varied widely, even within a document. A number of variations of the details below exist. Among these are the preference between the runic character thorn (Þ, lower-case þ, from the rune of the same name) and the letter eth (Ð or ð), both of which are pronounced /th/ and were interchangeable. They were used indiscriminately for voiced and unvoiced /th/ sounds, unlike in modern Icelandic. Thorn tended to be more used in the south (Wessex) and eth in the North (Mercia and Northumbria). Separate letters th were preferred in the earliest period in Northern texts, and returned to dominate by the Middle English period onward. The character ⁊ (Tironian et) was used as the ampersand (&) in contemporary Anglo-Saxon writings. The era pre-dates the emergence of some forms of writing accepted today; notably rare were lower case characters, and the letters W and U. W was occasionallyrendered VV (later UU), but the runic character wynn (Ƿ or ƿ) was a common way of writing the /w/ sound. Again the West Saxons initially preferred the character derived from a rune, and the Angles/Engle preferred the Latin-derived lettering VV, consistent with the thorn versus eth usage pattern. Except in manuscripts, runic letters were an Anglian phenomenon. The early Engle restricted the use of runes to monuments, whereas the Saxons adopted wynn and thorn for sounds which did not have a Latin equivalent. Otherwise they were not used in Wessex. List Reign Incumbent Notes The Kingdom of the Gewissae Cerdicing dynasty 519 to 534 Cerdic Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name. 534 to 560 Cynric Son, or according to some sources grandson, of Cerdic. 560 to 591 Ceawlin Son of Cynric. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name. 591 to 597 Ceol Nephew of Ceawlin, grandson of Cynric. 597 to 611 Ceolwulf Brother of Ceol, grandson of Cynric. 611 to 643 Cynegils Sources derive him from Cynric, but name different dynasty members as his father. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name c. 626 to 636 Cwichelm Co-ruler with Cynegils, perhaps his son of this name. 643 to 645 Cenwalh Son of Cynegils. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name; Deposed Mercian dynasty 645 to 648 Penda King of Mercia, expelled Cenwalh. Cerdicing dynasty 648 to 674 Cenwalh Restored; reigned jointly with his wife Queen Seaxburh 672 to 674. 672 to 674 Seaxburh Reigned jointly with her husband Cenwalh until his death 674 674 Cenfus (Disputed) Perhaps reigned between Seaxburh and his son Æscwine. Given a remote descent from Cynric. 674 to 676 Æscwine Son of Cenfus. 676 to 685 Centwine Traditionally son of Cynegils, but this is disputed. Deposed by Cædwalla 685 to 688 Cædwalla Perhaps descendant of Ceawlin. Usurper; abdicated, possibly of British origin. 688 to 726 Ine Descendant of Ceawlin. Abdicated 726 to 740 Æthelheard Perhaps brother-in-law of Ine. 740 to 756 Cuthred Relative, possibly brother, of Æthelheard. 756 to 757 Sigeberht Distant relative of Cuthred. Deposed (and killed?) by Cynewulf 757 to 786 Cynewulf Assassinated by Cyneheard, brother of Sigeberht 786 to 802 Beorhtric 802 to 839 Ecgberht Descendant of Ine's brother. 839 to 858 Æthelwulf Son of Ecgberht. 858 to 860 Æthelbald Son of Æthelwulf. 860 to 865 Æthelberht Son of Æthelwulf. 865 to 871 Æthelred Son of Æthelwulf. 871 to 886 Alfred the Great Genealogy The chart shows their (claimed) descent from the traditional first king of Wessex, Cerdic, down to the children of Alfred the Great. A continuation of the tree into the 10th and 11th centuries can be found at English monarchs family tree. The tree is largely based on the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List (reproduced in several forms, including as a preface to the [B] manuscript of the Chronicle),[1] and Asser's Life of King Alfred. These sources are all closely related and were compiled at a similar date, and incorporate a desire in their writers to associate the royal household with the authority of being a continuation of a unified line of kingship descended from a single original founder.[2] One apparently earlier pedigree survives, which traces the ancestry of King Ine back to Cerdic. This first appears in a 10th-century manuscript copy of the "Anglian collection" of Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies. The manuscript is thought to have been made at Glastonbury in the 930s during the reign of King Æthelstan [3] (whose family traced their own royal descent back to Cerdic via a brother of King Ine), but the material may well date back to the earliest reconstructable version of the collection, c. 796; and possibly still further back, to 725–6.[4] Compared to the later texts, this pedigree gives an ancestry for Ceolwald as son of Cuthwulf son of Cuthwine which in the later 9th-century texts sometimes seems confused; and it states Cynric as son of Creoda son of Cerdic, whereas the Chronicle annals go to some length to present Cerdic and Cynric as a father-and-son pair who land in and conquer the southern part of Wessex together (a narrative now considered spurious by historians).[5] Many of the links shown are disputed. Egbert, who became King of Wessex in 802, was probably of Kentish origin, and his ancestry back to Cerdic may have been invented to legitimize his claim to the throne of Wessex.[6] There are also a number of discrepancies between different sources. Key - The red border indicates the monarchs - The bolded border indicates the close relatives of the monarchs (parents, spouses and children) - The thin border indicates other relatives Cerdic King of Wessex ?–519-534 Cynric King of Wessex c.494–534-560 Ceawlin King of Wessex c.535–560-592 Cutha Cuthwine b. c.565 Ceol King of Wessex ?–592-597 Ceolwulf King of Wessex ?–597-611 Cenfus King of Wessex ?–674-674 Cedda b.590 Cuthwulf b.592 Cynegils King of Wessex ?–611-642 Pybba King of Mercia Æscwine King of Wessex ?–674-676 Cenberht 620-661 Ceolwald Cwichelm King of Wessex ?–626-636 Centwine King of Wessex ?–676-685 Seaxburh Queen of Wessex ?–672-674 Cenwalh King of Wessex ?–642-645, 648-672 sister of Penda Penda King of Mercia c.606–c.626-655 King of Wessex 645-648 Eowa Caedwalla King of Wessex 659–685-688 Mul King of Kent 660-686-687 Cenred b. 640 Cuthred Osmod Ingild Aldfrith King of Northumbria ?–685–704/5 Cuthburh d. c.718 Cwenburh d. c.735 Ine King of Wessex c.670–688-726 Æthelburh Æthelheard King of Wessex ?–726-740 Cuthred King of Wessex ?–740-756 Eanwulf Eoppa Cynric aethling d. 748 Thingfrith Eafa Sigeberht King of Wessex ?–756-757 Cyneheard d. 786 Cynewulf King of Wessex ?–757-786 Offa King of Mercia ?–757-796 Ealhmund King of Kent ?–784-784 Beorhtric King of Wessex ?–786-802 Eadburh Egbert King of Wessex 771/5–802-839 Judith of France Æthelwulf King of Wessex 795–839-858 Osburh Æthelstan King of Kent 830–839-858 Æthelbald King of Wessex 831–858-860 Burgred King of Mercia ?–852-874 Æthelswith 833–889 Æthelberht King of Wessex 835–860-865 Æthelred King of Wessex c.848–865-871 Alfred the Great King of Wessex 849–871-886 English monarchs' family tree

This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 886 AD. For later monarchs, see the List of English monarchs. While the details of the later monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources, the earlier ones are in many cases obscure.

The names are given in modern English form followed by the names and titles (as far as is known) in contemporary Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Latin, the prevalent languages of record at the time in England.

This was a period in which spellings varied widely, even within a document. A number of variations of the details below exist. Among these are the preference between the runic character thorn (Þ, lower-case þ, from the rune of the same name) and the letter eth (Ð or ð), both of which are pronounced /th/ and were interchangeable. They were used indiscriminately for voiced and unvoiced /th/ sounds, unlike in modern Icelandic. Thorn tended to be more used in the south (Wessex) and eth in the North (Mercia and Northumbria). Separate letters th were preferred in the earliest period in Northern texts, and returned to dominate by the Middle English period onward.

The character ⁊ (Tironian et) was used as the ampersand (&) in contemporary Anglo-Saxon writings. The era pre-dates the emergence of some forms of writing accepted today; notably rare were lower case characters, and the letters W and U. W was occasionallyrendered VV (later UU), but the runic character wynn (Ƿ or ƿ) was a common way of writing the /w/ sound. Again the West Saxons initially preferred the character derived from a rune, and the Angles/Engle preferred the Latin-derived lettering VV, consistent with the thorn versus eth usage pattern.

Except in manuscripts, runic letters were an Anglian phenomenon. The early Engle restricted the use of runes to monuments, whereas the Saxons adopted wynn and thorn for sounds which did not have a Latin equivalent. Otherwise they were not used in Wessex.

List
Reign Incumbent Notes
The Kingdom of the Gewissae
Cerdicing dynasty
519 to 534 Cerdic Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name.
534 to 560 Cynric Son, or according to some sources grandson, of Cerdic.
560 to 591 Ceawlin Son of Cynric. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name.
591 to 597 Ceol Nephew of Ceawlin, grandson of Cynric.
597 to 611 Ceolwulf Brother of Ceol, grandson of Cynric.
611 to 643 Cynegils Sources derive him from Cynric, but name different dynasty members as his father. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name
c. 626 to 636 Cwichelm Co-ruler with Cynegils, perhaps his son of this name.
643 to 645 Cenwalh Son of Cynegils. Possibly Celtic, Brythonic, name; Deposed
Mercian dynasty
645 to 648 Penda King of Mercia, expelled Cenwalh.
Cerdicing dynasty
648 to 674 Cenwalh Restored; reigned jointly with his wife Queen Seaxburh 672 to 674.
672 to 674 Seaxburh Reigned jointly with her husband Cenwalh until his death 674
674 Cenfus (Disputed) Perhaps reigned between Seaxburh and his son Æscwine. Given a remote descent from Cynric.
674 to 676 Æscwine Son of Cenfus.
676 to 685 Centwine Traditionally son of Cynegils, but this is disputed. Deposed by Cædwalla
685 to 688 Cædwalla Perhaps descendant of Ceawlin. Usurper; abdicated, possibly of British origin.
688 to 726 Ine Descendant of Ceawlin. Abdicated
726 to 740 Æthelheard Perhaps brother-in-law of Ine.
740 to 756 Cuthred Relative, possibly brother, of Æthelheard.
756 to 757 Sigeberht Distant relative of Cuthred. Deposed (and killed?) by Cynewulf
757 to 786 Cynewulf Assassinated by Cyneheard, brother of Sigeberht
786 to 802 Beorhtric
802 to 839 Ecgberht Descendant of Ine's brother.
839 to 858 Æthelwulf Son of Ecgberht.
858 to 860 Æthelbald Son of Æthelwulf.
860 to 865 Æthelberht Son of Æthelwulf.
865 to 871 Æthelred Son of Æthelwulf.
871 to 886 Alfred the Great

Genealogy
The chart shows their (claimed) descent from the traditional first king of Wessex, Cerdic, down to the children of Alfred the Great. A continuation of the tree into the 10th and 11th centuries can be found at English monarchs family tree.

The tree is largely based on the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List (reproduced in several forms, including as a preface to the [B] manuscript of the Chronicle),[1] and Asser's Life of King Alfred. These sources are all closely related and were compiled at a similar date, and incorporate a desire in their writers to associate the royal household with the authority of being a continuation of a unified line of kingship descended from a single original founder.[2]

One apparently earlier pedigree survives, which traces the ancestry of King Ine back to Cerdic. This first appears in a 10th-century manuscript copy of the "Anglian collection" of Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies. The manuscript is thought to have been made at Glastonbury in the 930s during the reign of King Æthelstan [3] (whose family traced their own royal descent back to Cerdic via a brother of King Ine), but the material may well date back to the earliest reconstructable version of the collection, c. 796; and possibly still further back, to 725–6.[4] Compared to the later texts, this pedigree gives an ancestry for Ceolwald as son of Cuthwulf son of Cuthwine which in the later 9th-century texts sometimes seems confused; and it states Cynric as son of Creoda son of Cerdic, whereas the Chronicle annals go to some length to present Cerdic and Cynric as a father-and-son pair who land in and conquer the southern part of Wessex together (a narrative now considered spurious by historians).[5]

Many of the links shown are disputed. Egbert, who became King of Wessex in 802, was probably of Kentish origin, and his ancestry back to Cerdic may have been invented to legitimize his claim to the throne of Wessex.[6] There are also a number of discrepancies between different sources.

Key
- The red border indicates the monarchs
- The bolded border indicates the close relatives of the monarchs (parents, spouses and children)
- The thin border indicates other relatives

Cerdic
King of Wessex
?–519-534
Cynric
King of Wessex
c.494–534-560
Ceawlin
King of Wessex
c.535–560-592 Cutha
Cuthwine
b. c.565 Ceol
King of Wessex
?–592-597 Ceolwulf
King of Wessex
?–597-611
Cenfus
King of Wessex
?–674-674 Cedda
b.590 Cuthwulf
b.592 Cynegils
King of Wessex
?–611-642 Pybba
King of Mercia
Æscwine
King of Wessex
?–674-676 Cenberht
620-661 Ceolwald Cwichelm
King of Wessex
?–626-636 Centwine
King of Wessex
?–676-685 Seaxburh
Queen of
Wessex
?–672-674 Cenwalh
King of Wessex
?–642-645,
648-672 sister
of Penda Penda
King of Mercia
c.606–c.626-655
King of Wessex
645-648 Eowa
Caedwalla
King of Wessex
659–685-688 Mul
King of Kent
660-686-687 Cenred
b. 640 Cuthred Osmod
Ingild Aldfrith
King of
Northumbria
?–685–704/5 Cuthburh
d. c.718 Cwenburh
d. c.735 Ine
King of Wessex
c.670–688-726 Æthelburh Æthelheard
King of Wessex
?–726-740 Cuthred
King of Wessex
?–740-756 Eanwulf
Eoppa Cynric
aethling
d. 748 Thingfrith
Eafa Sigeberht
King of Wessex
?–756-757 Cyneheard
d. 786 Cynewulf
King of Wessex
?–757-786 Offa
King of Mercia
?–757-796
Ealhmund
King of Kent
?–784-784 Beorhtric
King of Wessex
?–786-802 Eadburh
Egbert
King of Wessex
771/5–802-839
Judith
of France Æthelwulf
King of Wessex
795–839-858 Osburh
Æthelstan
King of Kent
830–839-858 Æthelbald
King of Wessex
831–858-860 Burgred
King of Mercia
?–852-874 Æthelswith
833–889 Æthelberht
King of Wessex
835–860-865 Æthelred
King of Wessex
c.848–865-871 Alfred
the Great
King of Wessex
849–871-886
English
monarchs'
family tree