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Source: World History Encyclopedia - the 4th Crusade

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Type	Valeur
Titre	World History Encyclopedia - the 4th Crusade

Entrées associées à cette source

Personnes
SIMON de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester HP02 LU01

Texte


Asbridge, T. The Crusades. Simon & Schuster Ltd, 2012. Brownworth, L. Lost to the West. Broadway Books, 2010. Gregory, T.E. A History of Byzantium. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Herrin, J. Byzantium. Princeton University Press, 2009. Maalouf, A. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Schocken, 1989. Mango, C. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 2002. Nicolle, D. The Fourth Crusade 1202-04. Osprey Publishing, 2011. Norwich, J.J. A Short History of Byzantium by John Julius Norwich. Knopf, 2018. Phillips, J. The Crusades, 1095-1204. Routledge, 2014. Rosser, J.H. Historical Dictionary of Byzantium. Scarecrow Press, 2001. Runciman, S. A History of the Crusades Vol. 3. the Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Penguin Books, 2000. Shepherd, J. The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500-1492. Cambridge University Press, 2009. Tyerman, C. God's War. Belknap Press, 2009.

Asbridge, T. The Crusades. Simon & Schuster Ltd, 2012.
Brownworth, L. Lost to the West. Broadway Books, 2010.
Gregory, T.E. A History of Byzantium. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Herrin, J. Byzantium. Princeton University Press, 2009.
Maalouf, A. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Schocken, 1989.
Mango, C. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 2002.
Nicolle, D. The Fourth Crusade 1202-04. Osprey Publishing, 2011.
Norwich, J.J. A Short History of Byzantium by John Julius Norwich. Knopf, 2018.
Phillips, J. The Crusades, 1095-1204. Routledge, 2014.
Rosser, J.H. Historical Dictionary of Byzantium. Scarecrow Press, 2001.
Runciman, S. A History of the Crusades Vol. 3. the Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Penguin Books, 2000.
Shepherd, J. The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500-1492. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Tyerman, C. God's War. Belknap Press, 2009.

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Notes


The Fourth Crusade in the Holy Land Perhaps understandably, the shocking fall of Constantinople has grabbed almost all the attention of the Fourth Crusade, but there was a small contingent of western Crusaders, led by Renard II of Dampierre, which did fulfil the original purpose of the expedition and reach the Middle East, better late than never, in April 1203 CE. The 300 knights were too few to ever consider attacking well-fortified Jerusalem, or any other important city for that matter, but they did manage to assist the Latin states in perpetuating their precarious existence in the Muslim-dominated Middle East. In September 1203 CE, in coalition with the now tiny Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusaders attacked a few minor targets in Muslim-held Galilee. A plague at Acre then wiped out half of the Crusader force, but as the ruler of Damascus, Al Malik al-'Adil, seemed intent on avoiding a direct confrontation, certain territories were conceded to the Kingdom of Jerusalem including Nazareth, Jaffa, Ramla, and a strip of land near Sidon. Then, in August 1204 CE, the Crusaders twice successfully attacked forces from Hama in central Syria. It was, though, all rather insignificant given the original lofty ambitions of Pope Innocent III. With the Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE) concentrating on North Africa and Egypt, it would not be until the Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 CE) that Christian ambitions in the Middle East were revived.

The Fourth Crusade in the Holy Land
Perhaps understandably, the shocking fall of Constantinople has grabbed almost all the attention of the Fourth Crusade, but there was a small contingent of western Crusaders, led by Renard II of Dampierre, which did fulfil the original purpose of the expedition and reach the Middle East, better late than never, in April 1203 CE. The 300 knights were too few to ever consider attacking well-fortified Jerusalem, or any other important city for that matter, but they did manage to assist the Latin states in perpetuating their precarious existence in the Muslim-dominated Middle East.

In September 1203 CE, in coalition with the now tiny Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusaders attacked a few minor targets in Muslim-held Galilee. A plague at Acre then wiped out half of the Crusader force, but as the ruler of Damascus, Al Malik al-'Adil, seemed intent on avoiding a direct confrontation, certain territories were conceded to the Kingdom of Jerusalem including Nazareth, Jaffa, Ramla, and a strip of land near Sidon. Then, in August 1204 CE, the Crusaders twice successfully attacked forces from Hama in central Syria. It was, though, all rather insignificant given the original lofty ambitions of Pope Innocent III. With the Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE) concentrating on North Africa and Egypt, it would not be until the Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 CE) that Christian ambitions in the Middle East were revived.