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Source: Wikiwand: List of Frankish kings

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Titre	Wikiwand: List of Frankish kings

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CHILDRICH I König der salischen Franken FK01

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The Franks were originally led by dukes (military leaders) and reguli (petty kings). The Salian Merovingians rose to dominance among the Franks and conquered most of Roman Gaul. They also conquered the Gaulish territory of the Visigothic Kingdom in 507. The sons of Clovis conquered the Burgundians and Alamanni. They acquired Provence and made the Bavarii and Thuringii their clients. The Merovingians were later replaced by a new dynasty called the Carolingians in the 8th century. By the end of the 9th century, the Carolingians themselves were replaced throughout much of their realm by other dynasties. The idea of a "King of the Franks" or Rex Francorum gradually disappeared over the 11th and 12th centuries, replaced by the title King of France, which represented a shift in thinking about the monarchy from that of a Popular monarchy (the leader of a people, sometimes without a defined territory to rule) to that of a monarchy tied to a specific territory. A timeline of Frankish rulers is difficult since the realm was, according to old Germanic practice, frequently divided among the sons of a leader upon his death and then eventually reunited through marriage, treaty, or conquest. Thus, there were often multiple Frankish kings ruling different territories, and divisions of those territories was inconsistent over time. As inheritance traditions changed, the divisions of Francia (a modern historiographical term used to denote the lands of the Franks) became more-or-less permanent kingdoms, West Francia formed the nucleus of what later became the Kingdom of France, East Francia evolved into the Kingdom of Germany, while Middle Francia became the short-lived Kingdom of Lotharingia, which was soon divided up between its neighbors. By the time of the Capetian dynasty, the Frankish rulers became Kings of France, a title formalized when Philip II of France altered the prior form in 1190. In the east, Germany passed from Frankish control in 911 with the election of Conrad I as king. Kings of all Franks (450–511) Merovingian dynasty Main article: Merovingian dynasty Clovis I united all the Frankish petty kingdoms as well as most of Roman Gaul under his rule, conquering the Domain of Soissons of the Roman general Syagrius as well as the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse. He took his seat at Paris, which along with Soissons, Reims, Metz, and Orléans became the chief residences. Upon his death, the kingdom was split among his four sons. Name Reign Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Issue Death Claim Merovech 450 – 458 c. 411 Tournai Son of Chlodio and Basina Verich 2 children c. 458 Aged 46/47 Chief of the Salian Franks right of conquest Childeric I 458 – 481 c. 437 Son of Merovech and Verich Basina of Thuringia 464 4 children c. 481 Aged 43/44 Tournai Son of Merovech Clovis I 481 – 27 November 511 c. 466 Tournai Son of Childeric I and Basina of Thuringia (1) Unknown concubine 1 son (2) Clotilde 493 4 children 27 November 511 Aged 44/45 Paris Son of Childeric I Kings of the Neustrian Franks (511–679) Merovingian dynasty Name Reign Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Issue Death Claim Childebert I 27 November 511 – 13 December 558 c. 496 Reims Son of Clovis I and Clotilde Ultragotha 510s 2 daughters 13 December 558 Aged 61/62 Paris Son of Clovis I Inherited fiefdoms of Paris and Neustria Chlothar I The Old 13 December 558 – 29 November 561 c. 497 Paris Son of Clovis I and Clotilde (1) Guntheuc 524 Childless (2) Radegund 538 2 sons (3) Ingund pre-580 4 children (4) Aregund pre-580 1 son (5) Chunsina 580 1 son 29 November 561 Aged 63/64 Compiègne Son of Clovis I Natural brother of Childebert I Charibert I 29 November 561 – December 567 c. 517 Paris Son of Chlothar I and Ingund Ingoberga 537 4 children December 567 Aged 49/50 Paris Son of Chlothar I Half-brother of Chilperic I Chilperic I December 567 – September 584 c. 539 Paris Son of Chlothar I and Aregund (1) Audovera 540s 5 children (2) Galswintha 567 Childless (3) Fredegund 568 7 children September 584 Aged 44/45 Chelles Son of Chlotar I Half-brother of Charibert I Chlotar II The Young September 584 – 18 October 629 c. 584 Paris Son of Chilperic I and Fredegund (1) Haldetrude 1 son (2) Bertrude 613 Childless (3) Sichilde 618 1 son 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 Son of Chilperic I Dagobert I 18 October 629 – 19 January 639 603 Paris Son of Chlotar II and Haldetrude (1) Gormatrude Childless (2) Nanthild pre-629 1 son (3) Wulfegundis Childless (4) Berchildis Childless 19 January 639 Aged 33/34 Épinay-sur-Seine Son of Chilperic I Inherited all fiefdoms of Neustria Clovis II 19 January 639 – 27 November 657 633 Paris Son of Dagobert I and Nanthild Balthild 640s 3 sons 27 November 657 Aged 23/24 Son of Dagobert I Chlothar III 27 November 657 – Spring 673 652 Paris Son of Clovis II and Balthild Unmarried Spring 673 Aged 20/21 First son of Clovis II Childeric II Spring 673 – Autumn 675 653 Paris Son of Clovis II and Balthild Bilichild ? 2 sons Winter 675 Aged 21/22 Second son of Clovis II Theuderic III Autumn 675 – 23 December 679 654 Paris Son of Clovis II and Balthild (1) Clotilda pre-675 2 sons (2) Amalberga of Maubeuge 674 1 daughter (3) Several concubines At least 3 children 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 Third son of Clovis II Kings of the Austrasian Franks (511–679) Merovingian dynasty Chlothar II defeated Brunhilda and her grandson, reunifying the kingdom. However, in 623, to appease particularistic forces and also secure the borders, he gave the Austrasians his young son as their own king. His son and successor, Dagobert I, emulated this move by appointing a sub-king for Aquitaine, with a seat at Toulouse, in 629 and Austrasia in 634. Theuderic I 27 November 511 – Early 534 c. 487 Paris Son of Clovis I and an earlier wife: Evochildis of Cologne (1) Suavegotha 510s Childless (2) Several concubines At least 2 sons Early 534 Aged 46/47 Son of Clovis I Inherited fiefdoms of Reims Theudebert I Early 534 – c. 548 c. 503 Metz Son of Theuderic I and a concubine (prob.) (1) Deuteria 534 1 son (2) Wisigard 540 Childless (3) Unknown wife 540s 1 son c. 548 Aged 44/45 Son of Theuderic I Theudebald c. 548 – c. 555 c. 535 Son of Theudebert I and Deuteria Waldrada 540s Childless c. 555 Aged 19/20 Son of Theudebert I Childebert I c. 555 – 13 December 558 c. 496 Reims Son of Clovis I and Clotilde Ultragotha 510s 2 daughters 13 December 558 Aged 61/62 Paris Son of Clovis I Inherited fiefdoms of Paris and Neustria Chlothar I The Old 13 December 558 – 29 November 561 c. 497 Paris Son of Clovis I and Clotilde (1) Guntheuc 524 Childless (2) Radegund 538 2 sons (3) Ingund pre-580 4 children (4) Aregund pre-580 1 son (5) Chunsina 580 1 son 29 November 561 Aged 63/64 Compiègne Son of Clovis I Natural brother of Childebert I Sigebert I 29 November 561 – c. 575 c. 535 Son of Chlothar I and Ingund Brunhilda of Austrasia 567 3 children c. 575 Aged 39/40 Vitry-en-Artois Son of Chlothar I Inherited fiefdoms of Metz and Reims Childebert II c. 575 – March 595 c. 570 Son of Sigebert I and Brunhilda of Austrasia Faileuba 4 children March 595 Aged 24/25 Son of Sigebert I Theudebert II March 595 – 612 586 Son of Childebert II and Faileuba (1) Bilichilde 608 2 children (2) Teodechilde 610 1 son 612 Aged 25/26 First son of Childebert II Theuderic II 612 – 613 587 Soissons Son of Childebert II and Faileuba Several paramours 4 sons 613 Aged 25/26 Metz Second son of Childebert II Sigebert II 613 – Late 613 601 Son of Theuderic II and Ermenberge Unmarried 613 Aged 11/12 Illegitimate son of Theuderic II Chlotar II The Young September 584 – 623 c. 584 Paris Son of Chilperic I and Fredegund (1) Haldetrude 1 son (2) Bertrude 613 Childless (3) Sichilde 618 1 son 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 Son of Chilperic I Dagobert I 623 – 634 605 Paris Son of Chlotar II and Haldetrude (1) Gormatrude Childless (2) Nanthild pre-629 1 son (3) Wulfegundis Childless (4) Berchildis Childless 19 January 639 Aged 34/35 Épinay-sur-Seine Son of Chilperic I Fiefdoms of Austrasia granted by local nobility Sigebert III 634 – 1 February 656 630 Son of Dagobert I and Ragnertrude (concubine) Chimnechild of Burgundy 651 2 children 1 February 656 Aged 25/26 Son of Dagobert I Childebert The Adopted 1 February 656 – 661 640s Son of Grimoald and Itta of Metz Unmarried 661 Aged 20s Adoptive son of Sigebert III Chose as heir by his predecessor Chlothar III 661 – Spring 673 649 Paris Son of Clovis II and Balthild Unmarried Spring 673 Aged 23/24 First son of Clovis II Childeric II Spring 673 – Autumn 675 654 Paris Son of Clovis II and Balthild Bilichild 688 2 sons Winter 691 Aged 21/22 Second son of Clovis II Clovis III Autumn 675 – c. 676 c. 670 Son of Chlothar III and unknown paramour Unmarried c. 676 Aged 5/6 Illegitimate son of Chlothar III Dagobert II c. 676 – 23 December 679 c. 650 Son of Sigebert III and Chimnechild of Burgundy Unknown woman 1 son (uncertain) 23 December 679 Aged 28/29 Stenay Natural son of Sigebert III Kings of the Franks (679–840) Merovingian dynasty Theuderic III was recognized as king of all the Franks in 679. From then on, the kingdom of the Franks can be treated as a unit again for all but a very brief period of civil war. This is the period of the "idle kings" who were increasingly overshadowed by their mayors of the palace. Theuderic III 23 December 679 – 12 April 691 654 Paris Son of Dagobert I and Balthild (1) Clotilda pre-675 2 sons (2) Amalberga of Maubeuge 674 1 daughter (3) Several concubines At least 3 children 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 Third son of Clovis II Clovis IV 12 April 691 – 695 c. 677 Son of Theuderic III and Clotilda Unmarried 695 Aged 17/18 First son of Theuderic III Childebert III The Just 695 – 23 April 711 c. 678 Son of Theuderic III and Clotilda Unmarried 695 Aged 17/18 First son of Theuderic III Childebert III The Just 695 – 23 April 711 c. 678 Son of Theuderic III and Clotilda (1) Ermenchild 1 son (2) ..

The Franks were originally led by dukes (military leaders) and reguli (petty kings). The Salian Merovingians rose to dominance among the Franks and conquered most of Roman Gaul. They also conquered the Gaulish territory of the Visigothic Kingdom in 507. The sons of Clovis conquered the Burgundians and Alamanni. They acquired Provence and made the Bavarii and Thuringii their clients. The Merovingians were later replaced by a new dynasty called the Carolingians in the 8th century. By the end of the 9th century, the Carolingians themselves were replaced throughout much of their realm by other dynasties. The idea of a "King of the Franks" or Rex Francorum gradually disappeared over the 11th and 12th centuries, replaced by the title King of France, which represented a shift in thinking about the monarchy from that of a Popular monarchy (the leader of a people, sometimes without a defined territory to rule) to that of a monarchy tied to a specific territory.

A timeline of Frankish rulers is difficult since the realm was, according to old Germanic practice, frequently divided among the sons of a leader upon his death and then eventually reunited through marriage, treaty, or conquest. Thus, there were often multiple Frankish kings ruling different territories, and divisions of those territories was inconsistent over time. As inheritance traditions changed, the divisions of Francia (a modern historiographical term used to denote the lands of the Franks) became more-or-less permanent kingdoms, West Francia formed the nucleus of what later became the Kingdom of France, East Francia evolved into the Kingdom of Germany, while Middle Francia became the short-lived Kingdom of Lotharingia, which was soon divided up between its neighbors. By the time of the Capetian dynasty, the Frankish rulers became Kings of France, a title formalized when Philip II of France altered the prior form in 1190. In the east, Germany passed from Frankish control in 911 with the election of Conrad I as king.

Kings of all Franks (450–511)
Merovingian dynasty
Main article: Merovingian dynasty

Clovis I united all the Frankish petty kingdoms as well as most of Roman Gaul under his rule, conquering the Domain of Soissons of the Roman general Syagrius as well as the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse. He took his seat at Paris, which along with Soissons, Reims, Metz, and Orléans became the chief residences. Upon his death, the kingdom was split among his four sons.

Name
Reign Portrait Birth Marriage(s)
Issue Death Claim
Merovech
450
–
458

c. 411
Tournai

Son of Chlodio
and Basina Verich
2 children c. 458
Aged 46/47 Chief of the Salian Franks
right of conquest
Childeric I
458
–
481

c. 437

Son of Merovech
and Verich Basina of Thuringia
464
4 children c. 481
Aged 43/44
Tournai Son of Merovech
Clovis I
481
–
27 November 511

c. 466
Tournai

Son of Childeric I
and Basina of Thuringia (1) Unknown concubine

1 son
(2) Clotilde
493
4 children

27 November 511
Aged 44/45
Paris Son of Childeric I
Kings of the Neustrian Franks (511–679)
Merovingian dynasty
Name
Reign Portrait Birth Marriage(s)
Issue Death Claim
Childebert I
27 November 511
–
13 December 558

c. 496
Reims

Son of Clovis I
and Clotilde Ultragotha
510s
2 daughters 13 December 558
Aged 61/62
Paris Son of Clovis I
Inherited fiefdoms of Paris and Neustria
Chlothar I
The Old
13 December 558
–
29 November 561

c. 497
Paris

Son of Clovis I
and Clotilde (1) Guntheuc
524
Childless
(2) Radegund
538
2 sons
(3) Ingund
pre-580
4 children
(4) Aregund
pre-580
1 son
(5) Chunsina
580
1 son

29 November 561
Aged 63/64
Compiègne Son of Clovis I
Natural brother of Childebert I
Charibert I
29 November 561
–
December 567

c. 517
Paris

Son of Chlothar I
and Ingund Ingoberga
537
4 children December 567
Aged 49/50
Paris Son of Chlothar I
Half-brother of Chilperic I
Chilperic I
December 567
–
September 584

c. 539
Paris

Son of Chlothar I
and Aregund (1) Audovera
540s
5 children
(2) Galswintha
567
Childless
(3) Fredegund
568
7 children

September 584
Aged 44/45
Chelles Son of Chlotar I
Half-brother of Charibert I
Chlotar II
The Young
September 584
–
18 October 629

c. 584
Paris

Son of Chilperic I
and Fredegund (1) Haldetrude

1 son
(2) Bertrude
613
Childless
(3) Sichilde
618
1 son

18 October 629
Aged 44/45 Son of Chilperic I
Dagobert I
18 October 629
–
19 January 639

603
Paris

Son of Chlotar II
and Haldetrude (1) Gormatrude

Childless
(2) Nanthild
pre-629
1 son
(3) Wulfegundis

Childless
(4) Berchildis

Childless

19 January 639
Aged 33/34
Épinay-sur-Seine Son of Chilperic I
Inherited all fiefdoms of Neustria
Clovis II
19 January 639
–
27 November 657

633
Paris

Son of Dagobert I
and Nanthild Balthild
640s
3 sons 27 November 657
Aged 23/24 Son of Dagobert I
Chlothar III
27 November 657
–
Spring 673

652
Paris

Son of Clovis II
and Balthild Unmarried Spring 673
Aged 20/21 First son of Clovis II
Childeric II
Spring 673
–
Autumn 675

653
Paris

Son of Clovis II
and Balthild Bilichild
?
2 sons Winter 675
Aged 21/22 Second son of Clovis II
Theuderic III
Autumn 675
–
23 December 679

654
Paris

Son of Clovis II
and Balthild (1) Clotilda
pre-675
2 sons
(2) Amalberga of Maubeuge
674
1 daughter (3) Several concubines
At least 3 children

12 April 691
Aged 36/37 Third son of Clovis II

Kings of the Austrasian Franks (511–679)
Merovingian dynasty

Chlothar II defeated Brunhilda and her grandson, reunifying the kingdom. However, in 623, to appease particularistic forces and also secure the borders, he gave the Austrasians his young son as their own king. His son and successor, Dagobert I, emulated this move by appointing a sub-king for Aquitaine, with a seat at Toulouse, in 629 and Austrasia in 634.

Theuderic I
27 November 511
–
Early 534

c. 487
Paris

Son of Clovis I
and an earlier wife: Evochildis of Cologne (1) Suavegotha
510s
Childless
(2) Several concubines
At least 2 sons

Early 534
Aged 46/47 Son of Clovis I
Inherited fiefdoms of Reims
Theudebert I
Early 534
–
c. 548

c. 503
Metz

Son of Theuderic I
and a concubine (prob.) (1) Deuteria
534
1 son
(2) Wisigard
540
Childless
(3) Unknown wife
540s
1 son

c. 548
Aged 44/45 Son of Theuderic I
Theudebald
c. 548
–
c. 555 c. 535
Son of Theudebert I
and Deuteria Waldrada
540s
Childless c. 555
Aged 19/20 Son of Theudebert I
Childebert I
c. 555
–
13 December 558

c. 496
Reims

Son of Clovis I
and Clotilde Ultragotha
510s
2 daughters 13 December 558
Aged 61/62
Paris Son of Clovis I
Inherited fiefdoms of Paris and Neustria
Chlothar I
The Old
13 December 558
–
29 November 561

c. 497
Paris

Son of Clovis I
and Clotilde (1) Guntheuc
524
Childless
(2) Radegund
538
2 sons
(3) Ingund
pre-580
4 children
(4) Aregund
pre-580
1 son
(5) Chunsina
580
1 son

29 November 561
Aged 63/64
Compiègne Son of Clovis I
Natural brother of Childebert I
Sigebert I
29 November 561
–
c. 575

c. 535
Son of Chlothar I
and Ingund Brunhilda of Austrasia
567
3 children c. 575
Aged 39/40
Vitry-en-Artois Son of Chlothar I
Inherited fiefdoms of Metz and Reims
Childebert II
c. 575
–
March 595

c. 570
Son of Sigebert I
and Brunhilda of Austrasia Faileuba

4 children March 595
Aged 24/25 Son of Sigebert I
Theudebert II
March 595
–
612

586
Son of Childebert II
and Faileuba (1) Bilichilde
608
2 children
(2) Teodechilde
610
1 son

612
Aged 25/26 First son of Childebert II
Theuderic II
612
–
613

587
Soissons
Son of Childebert II
and Faileuba Several paramours
4 sons 613
Aged 25/26
Metz Second son of Childebert II
Sigebert II
613
–
Late 613 601

Son of Theuderic II
and Ermenberge Unmarried 613
Aged 11/12 Illegitimate son of Theuderic II
Chlotar II
The Young
September 584
–
623

c. 584
Paris

Son of Chilperic I
and Fredegund (1) Haldetrude

1 son
(2) Bertrude
613
Childless
(3) Sichilde
618
1 son

18 October 629
Aged 44/45 Son of Chilperic I
Dagobert I
623
–
634

605
Paris

Son of Chlotar II
and Haldetrude (1) Gormatrude

Childless
(2) Nanthild
pre-629
1 son
(3) Wulfegundis

Childless
(4) Berchildis

Childless

19 January 639
Aged 34/35
Épinay-sur-Seine Son of Chilperic I
Fiefdoms of Austrasia granted by local nobility
Sigebert III
634
–
1 February 656

630
Son of Dagobert I
and Ragnertrude (concubine) Chimnechild of Burgundy
651
2 children 1 February 656
Aged 25/26 Son of Dagobert I
Childebert
The Adopted
1 February 656
–
661

640s
Son of Grimoald
and Itta of Metz Unmarried 661
Aged 20s Adoptive son of Sigebert III
Chose as heir by his predecessor
Chlothar III
661
–
Spring 673

649
Paris

Son of Clovis II
and Balthild Unmarried Spring 673
Aged 23/24 First son of Clovis II
Childeric II
Spring 673
–
Autumn 675

654
Paris

Son of Clovis II
and Balthild Bilichild
688
2 sons Winter 691
Aged 21/22 Second son of Clovis II
Clovis III
Autumn 675
–
c. 676

c. 670

Son of Chlothar III
and unknown paramour Unmarried c. 676
Aged 5/6 Illegitimate son of Chlothar III
Dagobert II
c. 676
–
23 December 679

c. 650

Son of Sigebert III
and Chimnechild of Burgundy Unknown woman
1 son (uncertain) 23 December 679
Aged 28/29
Stenay Natural son of Sigebert III
Kings of the Franks (679–840)

Merovingian dynasty
Theuderic III was recognized as king of all the Franks in 679. From then on, the kingdom of the Franks can be treated as a unit again for all but a very brief period of civil war. This is the period of the "idle kings" who were increasingly overshadowed by their mayors of the palace.

Theuderic III
23 December 679
–
12 April 691

654
Paris

Son of Dagobert I
and Balthild (1) Clotilda
pre-675
2 sons
(2) Amalberga of Maubeuge
674
1 daughter (3) Several concubines
At least 3 children

12 April 691
Aged 36/37 Third son of Clovis II
Clovis IV
12 April 691
–
695

c. 677

Son of Theuderic III
and Clotilda Unmarried 695
Aged 17/18 First son of Theuderic III
Childebert III
The Just
695
–
23 April 711

c. 678

Son of Theuderic III
and Clotilda Unmarried 695
Aged 17/18 First son of Theuderic III
Childebert III
The Just
695
–
23 April 711

c. 678

Son of Theuderic III
and Clotilda (1) Ermenchild
1 son
(2) ..