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Source: Ælfflæd in record of Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder" - The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England

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Titre	Ælfflæd in record of Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder" - The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England

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The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England MALE Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder" King of the West Saxons, 899-924. King of the Mercians, ca. 918-924. Eadweard witnesses a Kentish charter of Ælfred the Great as king in 898 ["Eadweard rex" Cart. Sax., 2: 220 (#576)]. When Ælfred died in October 899, he was succeeded by his son Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder" ["Her gefor Ælfred ... & þa feng Eadweard his sunu to rice." ASC(A) s.a. 901 (orig. 900) ("Here died Alfred ... And then Edward, his son, succeeded to the kingdom." ASC(Eng), 91-2); ASC(E) s.a. 901; "Huic filius successit Eadwardus, cognomento Senior" John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117)]. Eadweard was crowned on Whitsunday, 8 June 900 ["Successor equidem tum monarchiæ Eaduuerdus post filius supra memorati regis coronatur ipse stemate regali a primatis electus pentecostes in die, ..." Æthelweard, 50-1]. Eadweard's reign was marked by continued progress against the Danes, in cooperation with his sister Æthelflæd and her husband Æthelred, leader of the Mercians. When Æthelflæd died in 918, her daughter Ælfwynn was deprived of control in Mercia [ASC(C) s.a. 918, 919 (Mercian Register)].When Eadweard died in 924 [see below], he was succeeded by his son Æthelstan, perhaps after a short reign by his son Ælfweard [see below]. Eadweard's nickname of "the Elder" is not contemporary, but was assigned later to distinguish him from the two other Anglo-Saxon kings of thatname. [For the chronology of Eadweard's reign, see Angus (1938); Wainwright (1945); Vaughan (1954)] Spouses (and concubine): (1) Ecgwynn. Hrotsvith of Gandersheim states that king Æthelstan's mother was of low birth ["Altera sed generis mulier satis inferioris." Gesta Oddonis, line 82, MGH SS 4: 321]. John of Worcester and William of Malmesbury state that she was of high birth [FlW a. 901; Lib. Monast. Hyde, 111-2."Ex muliere nobilissima Ecgwyna ..." John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117); "... Ecgwyn, foemina nobilissima, ..." ibid., 1: 274; "... ex Egwinna illustri foemina ..." Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 126 (1: 136-7)], but then William relatesa fanciful story that makes her a daughter of a shepherd ["opilionis filia" Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 155)]. (2) m. bef. 901, Ælfflæd, d. 918, daughter of ealdorman Æthelhelm. Ælfflæd appears in a charter of Eadweard in 901 ["Eadward rex. Ealhswið mater regis. Elffled conjux regis." Cart. Sax. 2: 234 (#589)]. The death of Ælfflæd is noted by Annales Cambriae, two years after the death of Anarawd ap Rhodri Mawr ["Aelfled regina obiit." AC s.a 917 ("Edfled", B; "Edelflet", C)]. Since Anarawd appears to have died in 916 [CS s.a 915=916], the death of Ælfflæd most probably occurred in 918 rather than 917. [The date 917 is editorial, and has no manuscript authority.] Based on a statement of Hrotsvith of Gandersheim, it has been suggested that Ælfflæd was a descendant of king Osweald of Bernicia (d. 642) [see below under her daughter Eadgyth]. Ælflæd's father Æthelhelm has sometimes been identified as the known son of king Æthelred Iof that name, but there appears to be nothing to support this beyond the coincidence of the name. (3) Eadgifu, d. aft. 966, daughter of Sigehelm, ealdorman of Kent. Children: ["Siquidem Eadgyfu nominata est Eadwerdi filia, filii Ælfredi supra scripti regis, quæ et abmatertera tua ipsa in matrimonium Galliarum ad partes minori Karulo mittitur regi. Eadhild etiam in coniugium mittitur Hugoni filio Hrodbyrhti. Alias vero duas Ædestanus rex tali ratione misit ad Oddonem, ut quæ ab eis placuisset sibi in matrimonium elegisset; cui uisa melior Eadgyde, ex qua tu principium tenes natiuitatis. Alteram etiam subiunxit cuipiam regi iuxta Iupitereos montes, de cuius prole nulla nobis notitia extat, tam pro extenso spatio, quam per obruptionem quodam modo temporum; ..." Æthelweard, Prologue, 2] See the detailed discussion in the Commentary section. By Ecgwynn: MALE Æthelstan, d. 27 October 939, king of Wessex and Mercia (king of England) 924×5-939. According to most of his charters which show a regnal year, Æthelstan appears to have dated his reign from a point which started somewhere between 25 December 924 and 26 January 925 [see above under Eadweard's date of death]. Since Eadweard had died the previous July, this suggests a longer than average succession period, which may have included a short reign in Wessex by Æthelstan's brother Ælfweard [Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 156); see below under Ælfweard]. According to a dubious charter, Æthelstan was crowned on 4 September 925 [Cart. Sax. 2: 317 (#641)]. He died on 27 October 939 and was succeeded by his brother Eadmund ["Her Æþelstan cyning forðferde on .vi. kl. Nov. ymbe .xl. wintra butan anre niht þæs þe Ælfred cyning forþferde; & Eadmund æþeling feng to rice. & he wæs þa .xviii. wintre. & Æþelstan cyning rixade .xiiii. gear & .x. wucan." ASC(A) s.a. 941 (orig. 940) (".xli." altered to ".xl.") ("Here King Athelstan passed away on 27 October, 40 years all but a day after King Alfred passed away. And the ætheling Edmund succeeded to the kingdom; and he was then 18 years old. King Athelstan ruled 14 years and 10 weeks." ASC(Eng), 110); "Her Æðelstan cyning forðferde. & feng Ædmund to rice his broðor." ASC(E) s.a. 940; "Strenuus et gloriosusrex Anglorum Æthelstanus, decimo sexto regni sui anno, indictione XIV., vi. kal. Novembris, feria IV., apud Glawornam e vita decessit, et ad Maidulfi urbem delatus, honorifice est tumulatus; cui frater suus Eadmundus, XVIIIº. ætatis suæ anno, in regnum successit." John Worc., s.a. 940 (1: 132-3); "27 [Oct.] Obitus Æþelstani regis." Lib. Vit. Hyde, 272; AU s.a. 938=939; on 939 as the year of Æthelstan's death, see Beaven (1917); Vaughan (1954)]. By Ecgwynn or Ælfflæd: FEMALE NN (Eadgyth?), d. Pollesbury, 15 July; m. 925×6, Sitric (Sigtryggr), d. 927, king of Dublin and York. ["Her Æþelstan cyning & Sihtric Norðhymbra cyng heo gesamnodon æt Tameweorðþige. iii. k. Februarius. & Æþelstan his sweostor him forgeaf." ASC(D) s.a. 925 ("Here King Athelstan and Sihtric, king of Northumbria, assembled at Tamworth on 30 January, and Athelstan gave him his sister." ASC(Eng), 105); "Strenuus et gloriosus rex Anglorum Æthelstanus sororem suam, cum magno honore et gloria, Northhymbrorum regi Sihtrico, Danica stirpe progenito, in matrimonium dedit." John Worc., s.a. 925 (1: 130); ibid., 1: 117, 274; Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 126 (1: 136)] Since ASC(D) and John Worc. place the death of Sitric in the next year after the marriage (s.a. 926) and he actually died in 927 [AU s.a. 926=927], the marriage might belong to 926. Roger of Wendover states that she remained a virgin and lived in Pollesbury until her death on 15 July of an unknown year ["Ethelstanus, rex Anglorum, Eathgitam, sororem suam, Sithrico Danica natione progenito, Northanhumbrorum regi, matrimonio honorifice copulavit; ... Sancta itaque puella, virginitate sibi reservata, apud Pollesberiam ... usque ad finem vitæ suæ ...perseveravit; transiit autem post laudibilis vitæ cursum ex hoc mundo ibidem idibus Julii, ..." Rog. Wendover, s.a. 925 (1: 386); thanks to Todd Farmerie for pointing out this reference]. She is called Eadgyth by Ralph de Diceto ("Eadchida"), Roger of Wendover, and the Book of Hyde [see the Commentary section below]. The main reason for doubting the name (other than the late sources) would be that Eadweard already had another well documented daughter named Eadgyth. continues with more information...

The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England
MALE Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder"
King of the West Saxons, 899-924.
King of the Mercians, ca. 918-924.
Eadweard witnesses a Kentish charter of Ælfred the Great as king in 898 ["Eadweard rex" Cart. Sax., 2: 220 (#576)]. When Ælfred died in October 899, he was succeeded by his son Eadweard (Edward) "the Elder" ["Her gefor Ælfred ... & þa feng Eadweard his sunu to rice." ASC(A) s.a. 901 (orig. 900) ("Here died Alfred ... And then Edward, his son, succeeded to the kingdom." ASC(Eng), 91-2); ASC(E) s.a. 901; "Huic filius successit Eadwardus, cognomento Senior" John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117)]. Eadweard was crowned on Whitsunday, 8 June 900 ["Successor equidem tum monarchiæ Eaduuerdus post filius supra memorati regis coronatur ipse stemate regali a primatis electus pentecostes in die, ..." Æthelweard, 50-1]. Eadweard's reign was marked by continued progress against the Danes, in cooperation with his sister Æthelflæd and her husband Æthelred, leader of the Mercians. When Æthelflæd died in 918, her daughter Ælfwynn was deprived of control in Mercia [ASC(C) s.a. 918, 919 (Mercian Register)].When Eadweard died in 924 [see below], he was succeeded by his son Æthelstan, perhaps after a short reign by his son Ælfweard [see below]. Eadweard's nickname of "the Elder" is not contemporary, but was assigned later to distinguish him from the two other Anglo-Saxon kings of thatname. [For the chronology of Eadweard's reign, see Angus (1938); Wainwright (1945); Vaughan (1954)]

Spouses (and concubine):

(1) Ecgwynn.
Hrotsvith of Gandersheim states that king Æthelstan's mother was of low birth ["Altera sed generis mulier satis inferioris." Gesta Oddonis, line 82, MGH SS 4: 321]. John of Worcester and William of Malmesbury state that she was of high birth [FlW a. 901; Lib. Monast. Hyde, 111-2."Ex muliere nobilissima Ecgwyna ..." John Worc., s.a. 901 (1: 117); "... Ecgwyn, foemina nobilissima, ..." ibid., 1: 274; "... ex Egwinna illustri foemina ..." Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 126 (1: 136-7)], but then William relatesa fanciful story that makes her a daughter of a shepherd ["opilionis filia" Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 155)].

(2) m. bef. 901, Ælfflæd, d. 918, daughter of ealdorman Æthelhelm.
Ælfflæd appears in a charter of Eadweard in 901 ["Eadward rex. Ealhswið mater regis. Elffled conjux regis." Cart. Sax. 2: 234 (#589)]. The death of Ælfflæd is noted by Annales Cambriae, two years after the death of Anarawd ap Rhodri Mawr ["Aelfled regina obiit." AC s.a 917 ("Edfled", B; "Edelflet", C)]. Since Anarawd appears to have died in 916 [CS s.a 915=916], the death of Ælfflæd most probably occurred in 918 rather than 917. [The date 917 is editorial, and has no manuscript authority.] Based on a statement of Hrotsvith of Gandersheim, it has been suggested that Ælfflæd was a descendant of king Osweald of Bernicia (d. 642) [see below under her daughter Eadgyth]. Ælflæd's father Æthelhelm has sometimes been identified as the known son of king Æthelred Iof that name, but there appears to be nothing to support this beyond the coincidence of the name.

(3) Eadgifu, d. aft. 966, daughter of Sigehelm, ealdorman of Kent.

Children:
["Siquidem Eadgyfu nominata est Eadwerdi filia, filii Ælfredi supra scripti regis, quæ et abmatertera tua ipsa in matrimonium Galliarum ad partes minori Karulo mittitur regi. Eadhild etiam in coniugium mittitur Hugoni filio Hrodbyrhti. Alias vero duas Ædestanus rex tali ratione misit ad Oddonem, ut quæ ab eis placuisset sibi in matrimonium elegisset; cui uisa melior Eadgyde, ex qua tu principium tenes natiuitatis. Alteram etiam subiunxit cuipiam regi iuxta Iupitereos montes, de cuius prole nulla nobis notitia extat, tam pro extenso spatio, quam per obruptionem quodam modo temporum; ..." Æthelweard, Prologue, 2] See the detailed discussion in the Commentary section.

By Ecgwynn:

MALE Æthelstan, d. 27 October 939, king of Wessex and Mercia (king of England) 924×5-939.
According to most of his charters which show a regnal year, Æthelstan appears to have dated his reign from a point which started somewhere between 25 December 924 and 26 January 925 [see above under Eadweard's date of death]. Since Eadweard had died the previous July, this suggests a longer than average succession period, which may have included a short reign in Wessex by Æthelstan's brother Ælfweard [Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 139 (1: 156); see below under Ælfweard]. According to a dubious charter, Æthelstan was crowned on 4 September 925 [Cart. Sax. 2: 317 (#641)]. He died on 27 October 939 and was succeeded by his brother Eadmund ["Her Æþelstan cyning forðferde on .vi. kl. Nov. ymbe .xl. wintra butan anre niht þæs þe Ælfred cyning forþferde; & Eadmund æþeling feng to rice. & he wæs þa .xviii. wintre. & Æþelstan cyning rixade .xiiii. gear & .x. wucan." ASC(A) s.a. 941 (orig. 940) (".xli." altered to ".xl.") ("Here King Athelstan passed away on 27 October, 40 years all but a day after King Alfred passed away. And the ætheling Edmund succeeded to the kingdom; and he was then 18 years old. King Athelstan ruled 14 years and 10 weeks." ASC(Eng), 110); "Her Æðelstan cyning forðferde. & feng Ædmund to rice his broðor." ASC(E) s.a. 940; "Strenuus et gloriosusrex Anglorum Æthelstanus, decimo sexto regni sui anno, indictione XIV., vi. kal. Novembris, feria IV., apud Glawornam e vita decessit, et ad Maidulfi urbem delatus, honorifice est tumulatus; cui frater suus Eadmundus, XVIIIº. ætatis suæ anno, in regnum successit." John Worc., s.a. 940 (1: 132-3); "27 [Oct.] Obitus Æþelstani regis." Lib. Vit. Hyde, 272; AU s.a. 938=939; on 939 as the year of Æthelstan's death, see Beaven (1917); Vaughan (1954)].

By Ecgwynn or Ælfflæd:

FEMALE NN (Eadgyth?), d. Pollesbury, 15 July;
m. 925×6, Sitric (Sigtryggr), d. 927, king of Dublin and York.
["Her Æþelstan cyning & Sihtric Norðhymbra cyng heo gesamnodon æt Tameweorðþige. iii. k. Februarius. & Æþelstan his sweostor him forgeaf." ASC(D) s.a. 925 ("Here King Athelstan and Sihtric, king of Northumbria, assembled at Tamworth on 30 January, and Athelstan gave him his sister." ASC(Eng), 105); "Strenuus et gloriosus rex Anglorum Æthelstanus sororem suam, cum magno honore et gloria, Northhymbrorum regi Sihtrico, Danica stirpe progenito, in matrimonium dedit." John Worc., s.a. 925 (1: 130); ibid., 1: 117, 274; Wm. Malmes., Gesta Regum, c. 126 (1: 136)] Since ASC(D) and John Worc. place the death of Sitric in the next year after the marriage (s.a. 926) and he actually died in 927 [AU s.a. 926=927], the marriage might belong to 926. Roger of Wendover states that she remained a virgin and lived in Pollesbury until her death on 15 July of an unknown year ["Ethelstanus, rex Anglorum, Eathgitam, sororem suam, Sithrico Danica natione progenito, Northanhumbrorum regi, matrimonio honorifice copulavit; ... Sancta itaque puella, virginitate sibi reservata, apud Pollesberiam ... usque ad finem vitæ suæ ...perseveravit; transiit autem post laudibilis vitæ cursum ex hoc mundo ibidem idibus Julii, ..." Rog. Wendover, s.a. 925 (1: 386); thanks to Todd Farmerie for pointing out this reference]. She is called Eadgyth by Ralph de Diceto ("Eadchida"), Roger of Wendover, and the Book of Hyde [see the Commentary section below]. The main reason for doubting the name (other than the late sources) would be that Eadweard already had another well documented daughter named Eadgyth.

continues with more information...