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Source: Æthelred I in the record of Æthelwulf - The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England

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Titre	Æthelred I in the record of Æthelwulf - The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England

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ÆTHELRED , King of Wessex
ALFRED The Great King Of Wessex RF01

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Notes


Æthelwulf King of the West Saxons (Wessex), 839-855. King of Kent, ca. 825?-839; 855?-858. Æthelwulf appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle leading an army for his father Ecgbeorht in 825 [ASC(A,E) s.a. 823(=825)]. Under Ecgbeorht, Æthelwulf was sub-king in Kent. The date at which this occurred is unclear. If certain doubtful charters can be trusted, Æthelwulf was named as king soon after the West Saxon conquest of Kent in 825 [Cart. Sax. 1: 549-50 (#394), 550-1 (#395), 578 (#413)]. However, it is only in the year 838, late in Ecgbeorht's reign, that we find clear confirmation of Æthelwulf's royal title ["Ego . Ecgbearhtus rex cum consensu dilæctissimi filii nostri Æðælwulfi regis ..." ibid., 1: 585 (#418); "Ego Ætheluulf rex Cancie ... Cum consensu & licentia patris mei Ecgberti regis Occidentalium Saxonum ..." ibid., 1: 586 (#419)]. In 839, Æthelwulf succeeded his father as king of the West Saxons, while Æthelstan, who was either a brother or elder son of Æthelwulf, became king in Kent, Essex, Surrey, and Sussex ["... & se Ecgbryht ricsode .xxxvii. wiñt [&] .vii. monaþ. & feng Eþelwulf Ecgbrehting to Wesseaxna rice, & he salde his suna Æþelstane Cantwara rice & East Seaxna & Suþrigea & Suþ Seaxna." ASC(A) s.a. 836 (=839); "Anno ab incarnatione domini .DCCC.XXX.IX. primo videlicet anno regni Æðelwulfi regis post obitum patris sui" Cart. Sax. 1: 594 (#423)]. In 855, Æthelwulf went to Rome, part of a continental trip which included his second marriage to Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald [ASC(A) s.a. 855]. According to Asser, his son Æthelbeald then conspired against his father, and as a resultreceived the Western part of the kingdom (Wessex), while Æthelwulf remained king of the eastern portion (probably Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and Essex) [Asser, c. 12 (pp. 9-10)]. When Æthelwulf died in 858 [see below], his other son Æthelbeorht succeeded to Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and Essex. Spouses: If Æthelstan was in fact a son of Æthelwulf, then it would be likely that Æthelwulf had another wife previous to Osburh. (1) Osburh, daughter of Oslac pincerna. ["Mater [Ælfredi] quoque eiusdem Osburh nominabatur, religiosa nimium femina, nobilis ingenio, nobilis et genere; quae erat filia Oslac, famosi pincernae Æthelwulfi regis." Asser c. 2 (p. 4)] (2) m., at Verberie, near Senlis, 1 October 856, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, emperor. ["Edilvulf rex occidentalium Anglorum Roma rediens, Iudith, filiam Karli regis, menso Iulio desponsatam, Kalendis Octobribus in Vermaria palatio in matrimonium accipit, ..." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 856, 47; "Æthelwulfus ... Quo peracto, ad patriam suam remeavit, adferens secum Iuthittam, Karoli, Francorum regis, filiam." Asser, c. 11 (p. 9)] Children: The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, which probably achieved its present form in the reign of Ælfred, gives the following account of the succession of the sons of Æthelwulf to the throne of Wessex: "Ond ða feng Æþelbald his sunu to rice & heold .v. gear. þa feng Æðelbyrht his broþur to & heold .v. gear. þa feng Æðered his broðor to rice & heold .v. gear. þa feng Ælfred hyra broþer to rice, ..." [Dumville (1986), 25]. Other early sources include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [e.g., ASC(A) s.a. 855, 860, 866, 871], and Asser's life of Ælfred [Asser, passim]. Æthelbeald, d. 860, bur. Sherborne, king of Wessex, 855-860; m. Judith, his father's widow, daughter of Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, emperor. Æthelswith, d. 888, bur. Pavia; m. 853 (after Easter), Burgred, d. after 874, bur. Rome, king of Mercia, 852-874. Æthelbeorht, d. 865×6, bur. Sherborne, king of Kent, 858-865×6; king of Wessex, 860-865×6. Æthelred I, d. soon after Easter, 871, bur Wimborne, king of Wessex, 865×6-871; prob. m. Wulfthryth, fl. 868. Æthelred succeeded his brother Æthelbeorht as king in late 865 or early 866 ["Her feng Æþered Æþelbryhtes broþur to Wesseaxna rice;" ASC(A) s.a. 866]. He was succeeded by his brother Ælfred in 871 ["... & þæs ofer Eastron gefor Æþered cyning, & he ricsode.v. gear, & his lic liþ æt Winburnan. Þa feng Ælfred Æþelwulfing his broþur to Wesseaxna rice;" ASC(A) s.a. 871]. Since he had known sons who were apparently legitimate, he was evidently married. His wife was probably the queen Wulfthryth who appears in a doubtful charter of 868 ["Ego Wulfðryd Regina" Cart. Sax. 2: 135 (#520)]. by Osburh: MALE Ælfred "the Great", b. ca. 848×9, d. 26 October 899, king of Wessex, 871-899; m. Ealhswith, d. 5 December 902×3, daughter of Æthelred Mucil, ealdorman of the Gaini.

Æthelwulf
King of the West Saxons (Wessex), 839-855.
King of Kent, ca. 825?-839; 855?-858.
Æthelwulf appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle leading an army for his father Ecgbeorht in 825 [ASC(A,E) s.a. 823(=825)]. Under Ecgbeorht, Æthelwulf was sub-king in Kent. The date at which this occurred is unclear. If certain doubtful charters can be trusted, Æthelwulf was named as king soon after the West Saxon conquest of Kent in 825 [Cart. Sax. 1: 549-50 (#394), 550-1 (#395), 578 (#413)]. However, it is only in the year 838, late in Ecgbeorht's reign, that we find clear confirmation of Æthelwulf's royal title ["Ego . Ecgbearhtus rex cum consensu dilæctissimi filii nostri Æðælwulfi regis ..." ibid., 1: 585 (#418); "Ego Ætheluulf rex Cancie ... Cum consensu & licentia patris mei Ecgberti regis Occidentalium Saxonum ..." ibid., 1: 586 (#419)]. In 839, Æthelwulf succeeded his father as king of the West Saxons, while Æthelstan, who was either a brother or elder son of Æthelwulf, became king in Kent, Essex, Surrey, and Sussex ["... & se Ecgbryht ricsode .xxxvii. wiñt [&] .vii. monaþ. & feng Eþelwulf Ecgbrehting to Wesseaxna rice, & he salde his suna Æþelstane Cantwara rice & East Seaxna & Suþrigea & Suþ Seaxna." ASC(A) s.a. 836 (=839); "Anno ab incarnatione domini .DCCC.XXX.IX. primo videlicet anno regni Æðelwulfi regis post obitum patris sui" Cart. Sax. 1: 594 (#423)]. In 855, Æthelwulf went to Rome, part of a continental trip which included his second marriage to Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald [ASC(A) s.a. 855]. According to Asser, his son Æthelbeald then conspired against his father, and as a resultreceived the Western part of the kingdom (Wessex), while Æthelwulf remained king of the eastern portion (probably Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and Essex) [Asser, c. 12 (pp. 9-10)]. When Æthelwulf died in 858 [see below], his other son Æthelbeorht succeeded to Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and Essex.

Spouses:
If Æthelstan was in fact a son of Æthelwulf, then it would be likely that Æthelwulf had another wife previous to Osburh.

(1) Osburh, daughter of Oslac pincerna.
["Mater [Ælfredi] quoque eiusdem Osburh nominabatur, religiosa nimium femina, nobilis ingenio, nobilis et genere; quae erat filia Oslac, famosi pincernae Æthelwulfi regis." Asser c. 2 (p. 4)]

(2) m., at Verberie, near Senlis, 1 October 856, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, emperor.
["Edilvulf rex occidentalium Anglorum Roma rediens, Iudith, filiam Karli regis, menso Iulio desponsatam, Kalendis Octobribus in Vermaria palatio in matrimonium accipit, ..." Ann. Bertin., s.a. 856, 47; "Æthelwulfus ... Quo peracto, ad patriam suam remeavit, adferens secum Iuthittam, Karoli, Francorum regis, filiam." Asser, c. 11 (p. 9)]

Children:
The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, which probably achieved its present form in the reign of Ælfred, gives the following account of the succession of the sons of Æthelwulf to the throne of Wessex: "Ond ða feng Æþelbald his sunu to rice & heold .v. gear. þa feng Æðelbyrht his broþur to & heold .v. gear. þa feng Æðered his broðor to rice & heold .v. gear. þa feng Ælfred hyra broþer to rice, ..." [Dumville (1986), 25]. Other early sources include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [e.g., ASC(A) s.a. 855, 860, 866, 871], and Asser's life of Ælfred [Asser, passim].

Æthelbeald, d. 860, bur. Sherborne, king of Wessex, 855-860;
m. Judith, his father's widow, daughter of Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, emperor.

Æthelswith, d. 888, bur. Pavia;
m. 853 (after Easter), Burgred, d. after 874, bur. Rome, king of Mercia, 852-874.

Æthelbeorht, d. 865×6, bur. Sherborne, king of Kent, 858-865×6; king of Wessex, 860-865×6.

Æthelred I, d. soon after Easter, 871, bur Wimborne, king of Wessex, 865×6-871;
prob. m. Wulfthryth, fl. 868.
Æthelred succeeded his brother Æthelbeorht as king in late 865 or early 866 ["Her feng Æþered Æþelbryhtes broþur to Wesseaxna rice;" ASC(A) s.a. 866]. He was succeeded by his brother Ælfred in 871 ["... & þæs ofer Eastron gefor Æþered cyning, & he ricsode.v. gear, & his lic liþ æt Winburnan. Þa feng Ælfred Æþelwulfing his broþur to Wesseaxna rice;" ASC(A) s.a. 871]. Since he had known sons who were apparently legitimate, he was evidently married. His wife was probably the queen Wulfthryth who appears in a doubtful charter of 868 ["Ego Wulfðryd Regina" Cart. Sax. 2: 135 (#520)].

by Osburh:

MALE Ælfred "the Great", b. ca. 848×9, d. 26 October 899, king of Wessex, 871-899;
m. Ealhswith, d. 5 December 902×3, daughter of Æthelred Mucil, ealdorman of the Gaini.