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Source: List of monarchs of Northumbria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Titre	List of monarchs of Northumbria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, was initially divided into two kingdoms: Bernicia and Deira. The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so. The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634. Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira. In 651, King Oswiu had Oswine of Deira killed and replaced by Aethelwald, but Aethelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the Mercianking Penda; according to Bede, Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the Battle of Winwaed. After the Mercian defeat at Winwaed, Aethelwald lost power and Oswiu's own son, Alchfrith, became king in his place. In 670, Aelfwine, the brother of the childless King Ecgfrith, was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir. Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule. Kings of Northumbria Reign Incumbent Notes 654 to 15 February 670 Oswiu Previously king of Bernicia and Deira February 670 to 20 May 685 Ecgfrith Son of Oswiu, killed in battle against the Picts May 685 to 14 December 704 Aldfrith (Ealdfrith, Aldfrid) Son of Oswiu Late 704 to early 705 Eadwulf Usurper 705 to 716 Osred I Son of Aldfrith, killed in battle or murdered 716 to 718 Coenred Distant descendant of Ida of Bernecia 718 to 29 May 729 Osric Son of Aldfrith, adopted Ceolwulf as his heir 729 to 731 Ceolwulf Brother of Coenred, deposed; Saint Ceolwulf 731 to 737/8 Ceolwulf Restored; abdicated to become a monk 737 to 758 Eadberht Son of Eata, a descendant of Ida of Bernicia, abdicated to become a monk 758 to 759 Oswulf (Osulf) Son of Eadberht, murdered by his servants 759 to 765 Æthelwald Moll Deposed 765 to 774 Alhred Distant descendant of Ida of Bernicia, deposed and exiled 774 to 779 Æthelred I Son of Æthelwald Moll, deposed 779 to 23 September 788 Ælfwald I Son of Oswulf, murdered 788 to 790 Osred II Son of Alhred, deposed and exiled 790 to 18 April 796 Æthelred I Restored 796 Osbald Exiled after a reign of 27 days 14 May 796 to 806/8 Eardwulf Deposed 806/8 to 808/10 Ælfwald II (Elfwald II) 808 to 810 Eardwulf Restored 810 to 841 Eanred Son of Eardwulf 840/1 to 844 Æthelred II Son of Eanred, deposed 844 Rædwulf (Redwulf) Usurper 844 to c. 848/9 Æthelred II Restored c. 848/9 to 862/3 Osberht (Osbert) Deposed 862/3/7 to 21 March 867 Ælla Usurper, killed by the Danes with Osberht 867 to 21 March 867 Osberht (Osbert) Killed by the Danes with the usurper Ælle

Northumbria, a kingdom of Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, was initially divided into two kingdoms: Bernicia and Deira. The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so. The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634.

Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira. In 651, King Oswiu had Oswine of Deira killed and replaced by Aethelwald, but Aethelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the Mercianking Penda; according to Bede, Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the Battle of Winwaed. After the Mercian defeat at Winwaed, Aethelwald lost power and Oswiu's own son, Alchfrith, became king in his place. In 670, Aelfwine, the brother of the childless King Ecgfrith, was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir. Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule.

Kings of Northumbria
Reign Incumbent Notes
654 to 15 February 670 Oswiu Previously king of Bernicia and Deira
February 670 to 20 May 685 Ecgfrith Son of Oswiu, killed in battle against the Picts
May 685 to 14 December 704 Aldfrith (Ealdfrith, Aldfrid) Son of Oswiu
Late 704 to early 705 Eadwulf Usurper
705 to 716 Osred I Son of Aldfrith, killed in battle or murdered
716 to 718 Coenred Distant descendant of Ida of Bernecia
718 to 29 May 729 Osric Son of Aldfrith, adopted Ceolwulf as his heir
729 to 731 Ceolwulf Brother of Coenred, deposed; Saint Ceolwulf
731 to 737/8 Ceolwulf Restored; abdicated to become a monk
737 to 758 Eadberht Son of Eata, a descendant of Ida of Bernicia, abdicated to become a monk
758 to 759 Oswulf (Osulf) Son of Eadberht, murdered by his servants
759 to 765 Æthelwald Moll Deposed
765 to 774 Alhred Distant descendant of Ida of Bernicia, deposed and exiled
774 to 779 Æthelred I Son of Æthelwald Moll, deposed
779 to 23 September 788 Ælfwald I Son of Oswulf, murdered
788 to 790 Osred II Son of Alhred, deposed and exiled
790 to 18 April 796 Æthelred I Restored
796 Osbald Exiled after a reign of 27 days
14 May 796 to 806/8 Eardwulf Deposed
806/8 to 808/10 Ælfwald II (Elfwald II)
808 to 810 Eardwulf Restored
810 to 841 Eanred Son of Eardwulf
840/1 to 844 Æthelred II Son of Eanred, deposed
844 Rædwulf (Redwulf) Usurper
844 to c. 848/9 Æthelred II Restored
c. 848/9 to 862/3 Osberht (Osbert) Deposed
862/3/7 to 21 March 867 Ælla Usurper, killed by the Danes with Osberht
867 to 21 March 867 Osberht (Osbert) Killed by the Danes with the usurper Ælle