Généalogie and Heritage

Source: CEAWLIN King of Wessex (ancestor of Ceolwald) - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

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Titre	CEAWLIN King of Wessex (ancestor of Ceolwald) - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

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CEOLWALD of Wessex

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Notes


Two brothers: 1. CEAWLIN (-593). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle][1265]. In a much later section, the Chronicle names Ceawlin as son of Cynric, in its recitation of the ancestry of Æthelwulf King of Wessex[1266]. This leaves the impression of an after-thought, as none of the passages in the earlier parts of the Chronicle which record Ceawlin’s activity state that he was Cynric’s son. He succeeded in 560 as CEAWLIN King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin" succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex in 560[1267]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[1268]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cuthwine and Ceawlin" fought against "the Britons" in 577 and "slew three kings, Coinmail, Condidan and Farinmail" at "Dyrham", and captured "three cities Gloucester,Cirencester and Bath"[1269]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 584 at "Fethanleag", where Cutha was killed, and captured "many villages and countless booty"[1270]. Stenton suggests[1271] that this place was near Stoke Lyne in north Oxfordshire, and that Ceawlin was defeated in the battle, based on the Chronicle stating that he "departed in anger to his own [territories]", as well as the lack of records of any further advance during his reign. Roger of Wendover records the death of "Cissa rege australium Saxonum" in 590, adding that "regem occidentalium Saxonum Ceaulinum" acquired his kingdom[1272]. Bede names "Caelin rex Occidentalium Saxonum" as second of the kings who had authority over the southern provinces, south of the river Humber[1273]. Presumably this is based on his victories as reported in the Chronicle, although the reports do not suggest that his authority extended so far north in England. Whatever the truth of the matter, King Ceawlin suffered reverses towards the end of his life as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 592 that "there was great slaughter at Adam’s Grave" [in Alton Priors] and "Ceawlin was expelled", although it is unclear from the text whether the two events were linked[1274]. William of Malmesbury records that he was banished from the kingdom after being defeated at Wodnesbeorh[1275], presumably by Ceol who is recorded in 591 as King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 593 of "Ceawlin and Cwichelm and Crida"[1276]. Kirby points out that Ceawlin's reign is much shorter according to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List[1277]. [Two children:] a) [CUTHA [III] (-killed in battle Fethanleag 584). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 584 at "Fethanleag", where Cutha was killed, and captured "many villages and countless booty"[1278]. Florence of Worcester names "Ceaulin rex Occidentalium Saxonum et filius eius Cutha" when recording the same event[1279]. William of Malmesbury also records that King Ceawlin had a son named Cutha "cut off in battle"[1280]. Cutha, son of King Ceawlin, isadded in later paragraphs of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle only as the ancestor of later kings, which suggests that the relationship with Ceawlin was added only by the later chroniclers. Cutha was allegedly the ancestor of Cædwalla King of Wessex: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cædwalla began to contend for the throne" in 685, adding that he was "son of Cœnberht, son of Cadda, son of Cutha, son of Ceawlin, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1281].] b) [CUTHWINE . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cuthwine and Ceawlin" (no relationship specified between the two) fought against "the Britons" in 577 and "slew three kings, Coinmail, Condidan and Farinmail" at "Dyrham", and captured "threecities Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath"[1282]. Florence of Worcester names "rex Occidentalium Saxonum Ceaulin et filius suus Cuthwine" when recording the same event[1283]. Cuthwine is shown in subsequent paragraphs of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the ancestor of several later kings, these lines of descent providing examples of the dubious genealogies which link the later kings of Wessex into one family, as discussed in the introduction to this chapter. Cuthwine was allegedly the father of Cynegils King of Wessex: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under 688, outlining the descent of King Ine, says that "Cynegils" was the son of "Cuthwine, the son of Ceawlin, the son of Cynric"[1284]. However, this is contradicted by an earlier paragraph in the chronicle which states that Ceol King of Wessex was Cynegils’s ancestor: an addition in manuscript A of the Chronicle, under 611 notes that "that Cynegils was the son of Ceol, the son of Cutha, the son of Cynric"[1285], although it is not clear whether this was contemporary with the main part of the paragraph or a later addition. Cuthwine was allegedly also the ancestor both of ætheling Oswald (the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names Cuthwine as son of Ceawlin, but only in a later passage which records the ancestry of ætheling Oswald[1286]) and of Ine King of Wessex (manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ine succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 688 and ruled thirty-seven years, adding that he was "the son of Cenred, son of Ceolwald…brother of Cynegils…sons of Cuthwine, son of Ceawlin, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1287], although according to William of Malmesbury King Ine descended from Cuthbald, supposedly brother of King Cynegils[1288]).] 2. CUTHA [I] [Cuthwulf] (-[571]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[1289]. The Anglo-SaxonChronicle records that "Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 571 at "Bedcanford" and captured four villages "Limbury, Aylesbury, Benson and Eynsham", but died in the same year, adding that he was the brother of "Ceawlin"[1290]. Another manuscript of the Chronicle records the same events in respect of "Cuthwulf" but do not record his relationship to Ceawlin[1291]. Florence of Worcester records the events naming "Regis Ceaulini frater Cuthulf"[1292]. William of Malmesbury names Cutha as the brother ofKing Ceawlin[1293]. Cutha [I] [Cuthwulf] was allegedly the ancestor of Æscwine King of Wessex (whose succession is recorded in in 674): the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Æscwine succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 674, adding only in manuscript A that he was "the son of Cenfus, son of Cenfrith, son of Ceolwulf, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1294]. This is one of the improbable descents referred to in the introduction to this chapter and may have been provided ex post facto to justify King Æscwine's right to succeed.

Two brothers:

1. CEAWLIN (-593). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle][1265]. In a much later section, the Chronicle names Ceawlin as son of Cynric, in its recitation of the ancestry of Æthelwulf King of Wessex[1266]. This leaves the impression of an after-thought, as none of the passages in the earlier parts of the Chronicle which record Ceawlin’s activity state that he was Cynric’s son. He succeeded in 560 as CEAWLIN King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin" succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex in 560[1267]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[1268]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cuthwine and Ceawlin" fought against "the Britons" in 577 and "slew three kings, Coinmail, Condidan and Farinmail" at "Dyrham", and captured "three cities Gloucester,Cirencester and Bath"[1269]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 584 at "Fethanleag", where Cutha was killed, and captured "many villages and countless booty"[1270]. Stenton suggests[1271] that this place was near Stoke Lyne in north Oxfordshire, and that Ceawlin was defeated in the battle, based on the Chronicle stating that he "departed in anger to his own [territories]", as well as the lack of records of any further advance during his reign. Roger of Wendover records the death of "Cissa rege australium Saxonum" in 590, adding that "regem occidentalium Saxonum Ceaulinum" acquired his kingdom[1272]. Bede names "Caelin rex Occidentalium Saxonum" as second of the kings who had authority over the southern provinces, south of the river Humber[1273]. Presumably this is based on his victories as reported in the Chronicle, although the reports do not suggest that his authority extended so far north in England. Whatever the truth of the matter, King Ceawlin suffered reverses towards the end of his life as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 592 that "there was great slaughter at Adam’s Grave" [in Alton Priors] and "Ceawlin was expelled", although it is unclear from the text whether the two events were linked[1274]. William of Malmesbury records that he was banished from the kingdom after being defeated at Wodnesbeorh[1275], presumably by Ceol who is recorded in 591 as King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 593 of "Ceawlin and Cwichelm and Crida"[1276]. Kirby points out that Ceawlin's reign is much shorter according to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List[1277]. [Two children:]

a) [CUTHA [III] (-killed in battle Fethanleag 584). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 584 at "Fethanleag", where Cutha was killed, and captured "many villages and countless booty"[1278]. Florence of Worcester names "Ceaulin rex Occidentalium Saxonum et filius eius Cutha" when recording the same event[1279]. William of Malmesbury also records that King Ceawlin had a son named Cutha "cut off in battle"[1280]. Cutha, son of King Ceawlin, isadded in later paragraphs of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle only as the ancestor of later kings, which suggests that the relationship with Ceawlin was added only by the later chroniclers. Cutha was allegedly the ancestor of Cædwalla King of Wessex: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cædwalla began to contend for the throne" in 685, adding that he was "son of Cœnberht, son of Cadda, son of Cutha, son of Ceawlin, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1281].]

b) [CUTHWINE . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cuthwine and Ceawlin" (no relationship specified between the two) fought against "the Britons" in 577 and "slew three kings, Coinmail, Condidan and Farinmail" at "Dyrham", and captured "threecities Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath"[1282]. Florence of Worcester names "rex Occidentalium Saxonum Ceaulin et filius suus Cuthwine" when recording the same event[1283]. Cuthwine is shown in subsequent paragraphs of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the ancestor of several later kings, these lines of descent providing examples of the dubious genealogies which link the later kings of Wessex into one family, as discussed in the introduction to this chapter. Cuthwine was allegedly the father of Cynegils King of Wessex: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under 688, outlining the descent of King Ine, says that "Cynegils" was the son of "Cuthwine, the son of Ceawlin, the son of Cynric"[1284]. However, this is contradicted by an earlier paragraph in the chronicle which states that Ceol King of Wessex was Cynegils’s ancestor: an addition in manuscript A of the Chronicle, under 611 notes that "that Cynegils was the son of Ceol, the son of Cutha, the son of Cynric"[1285], although it is not clear whether this was contemporary with the main part of the paragraph or a later addition. Cuthwine was allegedly also the ancestor both of ætheling Oswald (the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names Cuthwine as son of Ceawlin, but only in a later passage which records the ancestry of ætheling Oswald[1286]) and of Ine King of Wessex (manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ine succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 688 and ruled thirty-seven years, adding that he was "the son of Cenred, son of Ceolwald…brother of Cynegils…sons of Cuthwine, son of Ceawlin, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1287], although according to William of Malmesbury King Ine descended from Cuthbald, supposedly brother of King Cynegils[1288]).]

2. CUTHA [I] [Cuthwulf] (-[571]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceawlin and Cutha" fought against "Æthelberht" [King of Kent] in 568 and "drove him into Kent", and "slew two princes Oslaf and Cnebba at Wibbandun"[1289]. The Anglo-SaxonChronicle records that "Cutha" fought against "the Britons" in 571 at "Bedcanford" and captured four villages "Limbury, Aylesbury, Benson and Eynsham", but died in the same year, adding that he was the brother of "Ceawlin"[1290]. Another manuscript of the Chronicle records the same events in respect of "Cuthwulf" but do not record his relationship to Ceawlin[1291]. Florence of Worcester records the events naming "Regis Ceaulini frater Cuthulf"[1292]. William of Malmesbury names Cutha as the brother ofKing Ceawlin[1293]. Cutha [I] [Cuthwulf] was allegedly the ancestor of Æscwine King of Wessex (whose succession is recorded in in 674): the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Æscwine succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 674, adding only in manuscript A that he was "the son of Cenfus, son of Cenfrith, son of Ceolwulf, son of Cynric, son of Cerdic"[1294]. This is one of the improbable descents referred to in the introduction to this chapter and may have been provided ex post facto to justify King Æscwine's right to succeed.