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Source: Wikipedia - Eude de Penthièvre, translated from French

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Titre	Wikipedia - Eude de Penthièvre, translated from French

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EUDES de Penthièvre FL001

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Sources: Stéphane Morin, Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. The power of the Counts of Brittany from the 11th to the 13th century , Rennes, Rennes University Press & Côtes-d'Armor Emulation Society ,2010, 406 p. ( ISBN 9782753510128 ). Bibliography Arthur de La Borderie , History of Brittany in VI volumes , vol. III (995-1364), Mayenne, reissue Joseph Floch,1975, 622 p. André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre , Feudal Brittany 11th – 13th century , Rennes , West-France University,1987, 427 p. ( ISBN 978-2-7373-0014-1 ) Hubert Guillotel , Acts of the Dukes of Brittany: 944-1148 , Rennes, Rennes University Press ,2014, 598 p. ( ISBN 978-2-7535-3498-8 )

Sources:
Stéphane Morin, Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. The power of the Counts of Brittany from the 11th to the 13th century , Rennes, Rennes University Press & Côtes-d'Armor Emulation Society ,2010, 406 p. ( ISBN 9782753510128 ).
Bibliography
Arthur de La Borderie , History of Brittany in VI volumes , vol. III (995-1364), Mayenne, reissue Joseph Floch,1975, 622 p.
André Chédeville & Noël-Yves Tonnerre , Feudal Brittany 11th – 13th century , Rennes , West-France University,1987, 427 p. ( ISBN 978-2-7373-0014-1 )
Hubert Guillotel , Acts of the Dukes of Brittany: 944-1148 , Rennes, Rennes University Press ,2014, 598 p. ( ISBN 978-2-7535-3498-8 )

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-translated from French- Eudes I of Penthièvre ( often Éon or Eudon), born in 999 and dead the 7 January 1079, was Count of Penthièvre from 1035 to 1079 . In 1040 , he seized his nephew Conan II , designated successor at the head of the duchy of Brittan,y then after his liberation in 1047 , he continued to reign over a large part of the territory until his capture in 1056 . Eudes is the first of the Eudonides, a prestigious lineage of the Counts of Penthièvre, younger branch of the Counts of Rennes and the Dukes of Brittany 1 . Historiography From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, historians, relying in part on the Chronicle of Saint-Brieuc (dated to a period between 1394 and 1416) 2 , wrote an account of the life of Eudes whose the veracity is questioned by historians of the 20thcentury and the 21st century . At the time when the Chronicle of Saint-Brieuc was written, several documents were indeed invented to justify the legitimacy of the Montforts against the Eudonides 3 . Bertrand d'Argentré [4] in 1588, Augustin du Paz [5] in 1619, Pierre Le Baud [6] in 1638, then Arthur de la Borderie in 1899 [7] all report the same facts: Eudes would have revolted against his brother Alain when he received the prerogative of the Domnonée . For Eudes, the territory of the appanage was insufficient, a conflict broke out between the two brothers ending with the siege of the Château de Léhon and the attack on Aleth by Alain. Judicaël , bishop of Vannes would have intervened to restore peace between the two brothers with the help of Robert , Duke of Normandy. Eudes then pays homage to Alain. On the death of Alain III in 1040, Eudes is said to have usurped ducal power and seized Alain's son, the future Conan II, against the advice of the Duchess Berthe of Blois and that of the grandees of the duchy In 1987, Noël-Yves Tonnerre [8] considers that this narration is not credible, Eudes and Alain would have governed the duchy in good agreement, no source mentions a possible conflict between the two brothers about the prerogative of Domnonée. Moreover, according to Stéphane Morin [9] , in 2009, Eudes would have honestly honored his tutorship towards Conan and would have left him the first place in the signing of the acts of the Duchy until 1047. According to Noël-Yves Tonnerre, Conan would have become duke in 1047, and Eudes would have withdrawn into his prerogative from 1047. More recently, Stéphane Morin, relying on writings by Orderic Vital and Pope Leo IX , believes that ducal power remained in the hands of Eudes until 1057, with Conan II fighting for it from 1047 to 1057. 1057, Eudes is captured by Conan who takes him to Chartres. Beyond this date, Eudes seems to have approached William the Conqueror , his sons will actively participate in the conquest of England. Biography Origin Eon or Eudes is the youngest son of the Duke of Brittany Geoffroi I and Havoise of Normandy , daughter of the Duke of Normandy Richard I. His older brother is Alain III of Brittany . Alain and Eudes were raised together by their mother, regent of the duchy after the death of Geoffrey I in 1008. Richard II of Normandy was their tutor [10] . Certain facts and texts could suggest that Eudes and Alain were twins [11] . Count of Brittany From 1024 to 1030, Alain and Eudes seem to govern the duchy together, they are both qualified as Brittanorum monarchi or Principes Brittaniae [12] . In 1031 , Eudes was present with his brother Duke Alain III of Brittany , during a donation made to the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel and the following year during the foundation of the Abbey of Saint-Georges in Rennes . of which their sister Adele becomes the first abbess [13] . Around 1035-1040, the protection of Guillaume , bastard son of Robert I of Normandy , was entrusted to the two brothers [1] . After a conflict with his brother and the arbitration of their uncle Judicaël bishop of Vannes (version contradicted by recent historical studies 8 , 9 ), he obtained from Alain III in 1035 the prerogative of Domnonée made up of the bishoprics of Saint Brieuc , Tréguier , Alet and Dol-de-Bretagne , and which includes the counties and baronies of Penthièvre , Goëlo and Lamballe . In an article from 2017, André-Yves Bourgès wonders about a possible twinness of Alain and Eudes, the attribution of the prerogative of the Domnonée to Eudes could then be considered as a sharing of the kingdom [11] . La Domnonée could correspond to the old pagus of Alet. This pagus did not belong to the Carolingian march of Brittany and could therefore have had a mode of organization different from that of the rest of the Duchy [1] . It was successively dismembered bythe creation of the bishopric of Dol in the 9th century then by that of the bishoprics of Tréguier and Saint-Brieuc in the 10th century (André-Yves Bourgés puts forward a slightly different hypothesis: the bishoprics of Tréguier and Saint-Brieuc could have been erected in the 1st third of the 11th century in the context of obtaining the prerogative by Eudes [14], [15] ). Eudes then becomes Count of Brittany . After the premature death of his brother Alain III , in 1040 and the remarriage of Berthe de Blois , wife of Alain III , he seized custody of his nephew Conan II of Brittany and proclaimed himself "Count of Brittany ". The young duke will not be freed byhis followers until 1047 . The historian Stéphane Morin analyzes the relations between Eudes, Alain III and Conan II in a different way: Eudes would have ensured a real tutoring of Conan and would have honestly managed the Duchy after the death of his brother, always leaving first place to the future duke in the signature of the acts. The rupture between Eudes and Conan II would not have occurred until 1047 [1], [16] . Around 1045-1047, Berthe de Blois , mother of Conan, left Brittany to marry Hugh V , Count of Le Mans [17] . From 1040 to 1047, Eudes approaches the Count of Anjou Geoffroy II to whom he gives his daughter Adèle as his wife 1 . He thus broke with the tradition which united the Counts of Rennes with the Counts of Blois. An ally of the King of France, the Count ofAnjou was then in open conflict with the Count of Blois. After Conan's departure, Eudes alone managed the duchy from 1047 to 1057. In 1049, he was called "Prince of the Bretons" by Pope Leo IX who recognized his pre-eminence over the Breton nobility 1 . The denarii issued at that time by the mint of Rennes qualifies Eudes as dux Britanniae [1], [18] . In 1052, Eudes participated in a coalition bringing together the King of France Henry I AND THE Count of Anjou to fight William of Normandy 19 . The coalition was defeated at the Battle of Mortemer in 1054. During a new Franco-Angevin offensive against the Duke of Normandy, Eudes was captured and then taken to Chartres by Conan II in 1057 20 . In 1062 peace was concluded between the Duke and Geoffroy Boterel , eldest son of Éon who continued the fight alone. The children of Eudes then approach Guillaume de Normandie and will participate with great success in the conquest of England, five of his sons take part in it: Alain le Roux , Alain le Noir, Etienne , Brient, and Ribaud [21] . Years later, although very old, Eudes still took part in the feudal uprisings against Hoël II of Brittany in 1075 , the successor of Conan II , however, he left the conduct of operations to his eldest son Geoffroy Boterel . He dies onJanuary 7, 1079and is buried in the cathedral of Saint-Brieuc 22 Union and posterity From his union around 1035 with Orguen/Agnès, daughter of the Comte de Cornouaille Alain Canhiart , he has nine children [23]: Adele (around 1035 - † after 1056-1057); Geoffroy I OF Penthièvre , known as Boterel († 1093); Brian († 1084), takes part in the conquest of England and receives the Honor of Richmond or rather Richemont , died without posterity; Alain le Roux († 1093), who held the Honor of Richemont from 1070 to 1093 , without issue; William † after 1055-1057; Robert † after 1055-1057; Richard † after 1056-1057; Alain le Noir († 1098), who held the Honor of Richemont shortly after his brother's death in 1093 , without issue; Étienne († 1137), Count of Guingamp de Trégor and Lord of Goëlo , then Count of Penthièvre, and who held the Honor of Richemont from 1098. He also had at least five illegitimate children [24]: a daughter married to Enisan de Pléven; Bodin (brother of Bardulf) monk at the Abbey of Our Lady of York; Bardulf of Ravensworth; Ribald of Middleham marries Béatrice Taillebois; Arnold. Traditional historiography also considers him the father of [25]: Derrien bastardus to whom the foundation of the castle of La Roche-Derrien is attributed .

-translated from French-
Eudes I of Penthièvre ( often Éon or Eudon), born in 999 and dead the 7 January 1079, was Count of Penthièvre from 1035 to 1079 . In 1040 , he seized his nephew Conan II , designated successor at the head of the duchy of Brittan,y then after his liberation in 1047 , he continued to reign over a large part of the territory until his capture in 1056 .

Eudes is the first of the Eudonides, a prestigious lineage of the Counts of Penthièvre, younger branch of the Counts of Rennes and the Dukes of Brittany 1 .

Historiography
From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, historians, relying in part on the Chronicle of Saint-Brieuc (dated to a period between 1394 and 1416) 2 , wrote an account of the life of Eudes whose the veracity is questioned by historians of the 20thcentury and the 21st century . At the time when the Chronicle of Saint-Brieuc was written, several documents were indeed invented to justify the legitimacy of the Montforts against the Eudonides 3 .

Bertrand d'Argentré [4] in 1588, Augustin du Paz [5] in 1619, Pierre Le Baud [6] in 1638, then Arthur de la Borderie in 1899 [7] all report the same facts:

Eudes would have revolted against his brother Alain when he received the prerogative of the Domnonée . For Eudes, the territory of the appanage was insufficient, a conflict broke out between the two brothers ending with the siege of the Château de Léhon and the attack on Aleth by Alain. Judicaël , bishop of Vannes would have intervened to restore peace between the two brothers with the help of Robert , Duke of Normandy. Eudes then pays homage to Alain.

On the death of Alain III in 1040, Eudes is said to have usurped ducal power and seized Alain's son, the future Conan II, against the advice of the Duchess Berthe of Blois and that of the grandees of the duchy

In 1987, Noël-Yves Tonnerre [8] considers that this narration is not credible, Eudes and Alain would have governed the duchy in good agreement, no source mentions a possible conflict between the two brothers about the prerogative of Domnonée. Moreover, according to Stéphane Morin [9] , in 2009, Eudes would have honestly honored his tutorship towards Conan and would have left him the first place in the signing of the acts of the Duchy until 1047.

According to Noël-Yves Tonnerre, Conan would have become duke in 1047, and Eudes would have withdrawn into his prerogative from 1047.

More recently, Stéphane Morin, relying on writings by Orderic Vital and Pope Leo IX , believes that ducal power remained in the hands of Eudes until 1057, with Conan II fighting for it from 1047 to 1057. 1057, Eudes is captured by Conan who takes him to Chartres. Beyond this date, Eudes seems to have approached William the Conqueror , his sons will actively participate in the conquest of England.

Biography
Origin
Eon or Eudes is the youngest son of the Duke of Brittany Geoffroi I and Havoise of Normandy , daughter of the Duke of Normandy Richard I. His older brother is Alain III of Brittany . Alain and Eudes were raised together by their mother, regent of the duchy after the death of Geoffrey I in 1008. Richard II of Normandy was their tutor [10] .

Certain facts and texts could suggest that Eudes and Alain were twins [11] .

Count of Brittany
From 1024 to 1030, Alain and Eudes seem to govern the duchy together, they are both qualified as Brittanorum monarchi or Principes Brittaniae [12] .

In 1031 , Eudes was present with his brother Duke Alain III of Brittany , during a donation made to the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel and the following year during the foundation of the Abbey of Saint-Georges in Rennes . of which their sister Adele becomes the first abbess [13] .

Around 1035-1040, the protection of Guillaume , bastard son of Robert I of Normandy , was entrusted to the two brothers [1] .

After a conflict with his brother and the arbitration of their uncle Judicaël bishop of Vannes (version contradicted by recent historical studies 8 , 9 ), he obtained from Alain III in 1035 the prerogative of Domnonée made up of the bishoprics of Saint Brieuc , Tréguier , Alet and Dol-de-Bretagne , and which includes the counties and baronies of Penthièvre , Goëlo and Lamballe .

In an article from 2017, André-Yves Bourgès wonders about a possible twinness of Alain and Eudes, the attribution of the prerogative of the Domnonée to Eudes could then be considered as a sharing of the kingdom [11] .

La Domnonée could correspond to the old pagus of Alet. This pagus did not belong to the Carolingian march of Brittany and could therefore have had a mode of organization different from that of the rest of the Duchy [1] . It was successively dismembered bythe creation of the bishopric of Dol in the 9th century then by that of the bishoprics of Tréguier and Saint-Brieuc in the 10th century (André-Yves Bourgés puts forward a slightly different hypothesis: the bishoprics of Tréguier and Saint-Brieuc could have been erected in the 1st third of the 11th century in the context of obtaining the prerogative by Eudes [14], [15] ).

Eudes then becomes Count of Brittany .

After the premature death of his brother Alain III , in 1040 and the remarriage of Berthe de Blois , wife of Alain III , he seized custody of his nephew Conan II of Brittany and proclaimed himself "Count of Brittany ". The young duke will not be freed byhis followers until 1047 .

The historian Stéphane Morin analyzes the relations between Eudes, Alain III and Conan II in a different way: Eudes would have ensured a real tutoring of Conan and would have honestly managed the Duchy after the death of his brother, always leaving first place to the future duke in the signature of the acts. The rupture between Eudes and Conan II would not have occurred until 1047 [1], [16] .

Around 1045-1047, Berthe de Blois , mother of Conan, left Brittany to marry Hugh V , Count of Le Mans [17] .

From 1040 to 1047, Eudes approaches the Count of Anjou Geoffroy II to whom he gives his daughter Adèle as his wife 1 . He thus broke with the tradition which united the Counts of Rennes with the Counts of Blois. An ally of the King of France, the Count ofAnjou was then in open conflict with the Count of Blois.

After Conan's departure, Eudes alone managed the duchy from 1047 to 1057. In 1049, he was called "Prince of the Bretons" by Pope Leo IX who recognized his pre-eminence over the Breton nobility 1 . The denarii issued at that time by the mint of Rennes qualifies Eudes as dux Britanniae [1], [18] .

In 1052, Eudes participated in a coalition bringing together the King of France Henry I AND THE Count of Anjou to fight William of Normandy 19 . The coalition was defeated at the Battle of Mortemer in 1054.

During a new Franco-Angevin offensive against the Duke of Normandy, Eudes was captured and then taken to Chartres by Conan II in 1057 20 .

In 1062 peace was concluded between the Duke and Geoffroy Boterel , eldest son of Éon who continued the fight alone.

The children of Eudes then approach Guillaume de Normandie and will participate with great success in the conquest of England, five of his sons take part in it: Alain le Roux , Alain le Noir, Etienne , Brient, and Ribaud [21] .

Years later, although very old, Eudes still took part in the feudal uprisings against Hoël II of Brittany in 1075 , the successor of Conan II , however, he left the conduct of operations to his eldest son Geoffroy Boterel .

He dies onJanuary 7, 1079and is buried in the cathedral of Saint-Brieuc 22

Union and posterity
From his union around 1035 with Orguen/Agnès, daughter of the Comte de Cornouaille Alain Canhiart , he has nine children [23]:

Adele (around 1035 - † after 1056-1057);
Geoffroy I OF Penthièvre , known as Boterel († 1093);
Brian († 1084), takes part in the conquest of England and receives the Honor of Richmond or rather Richemont , died without posterity;
Alain le Roux († 1093), who held the Honor of Richemont from 1070 to 1093 , without issue;
William † after 1055-1057;
Robert † after 1055-1057;
Richard † after 1056-1057;
Alain le Noir († 1098), who held the Honor of Richemont shortly after his brother's death in 1093 , without issue;
Étienne († 1137), Count of Guingamp de Trégor and Lord of Goëlo , then Count of Penthièvre, and who held the Honor of Richemont from 1098.

He also had at least five illegitimate children [24]:

a daughter married to Enisan de Pléven;
Bodin (brother of Bardulf) monk at the Abbey of Our Lady of York;
Bardulf of Ravensworth;
Ribald of Middleham marries Béatrice Taillebois;
Arnold.

Traditional historiography also considers him the father of [25]:
Derrien bastardus to whom the foundation of the castle of La Roche-Derrien is attributed .