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Source: Britannica: King of France

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Titre	Britannica: King of France

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ROBERT II Roi des Francs AH01

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Robert II, byname Robert The Pious, French Robert Le Pieux, (born c. 970, Orléans, Fr.—died July 20, 1031, Melun), king of France who took Burgundy into the French realm. Robert II QUICK FACTS BORNc. 970 Orléans, France DIEDJuly 20, 1031 Melun, France TITLE / OFFICE King, France (996-1031) HOUSE / DYNASTY Capetian dynasty NOTABLE FAMILY MEMBERS Son Henry I The son of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Robert was educated at the episcopal school of Reims under Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II. Soon after his own coronation (July 987), Hugh prudently arranged the election and coronation (December 987) of Robert, thus facilitating his son’s eventual succession (October 996) as sole ruler. His excommunication as a result of his marriage within the prohibited degrees of relationship was eventually lifted after therepudiation of the childless Bertha in 1001. Constance of Arles, whom the King married two years later, was the mother of his successor, Henry I. Robert’s domain was not extensive; and, to increase his power, he vigorously and tenaciously pressed his claim to fiefs as they became vacant. Thus, when the duke of Burgundy died without an heir (1002), Robert went to war against a rival claimant. Only in 1015, however, did he finally succeed in subduing the rich duchy. (The gain was transitory, for in 1032 Henry I granted Burgundy to his brother, Robert, and it thereafter remained for centuries outside royal control.) A patron of the Cluniac monastic movement, Robert apparently ruled firmly and judiciously in his own lands. France: The monarchy … (reigned 987–996) and his son Robert II (the Pious; 996–1031) struggled vainly to maintain the Carolingian… millennialism: Patristic and medieval millennialism In France, King Robert II, the second ruler of the dynasty that replaced the Carolingian “obstacle,”… Henry I The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Robert was educated at the episcopal school of Reims under Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II. Soon after his own coronation (July 987), Hugh prudently arranged the election and coronation (December 987) of Robert, thus facilitating his son’s eventual succession (October 996) as sole ruler. His excommunication as a result of his marriage within the prohibited degrees of relationship was eventually lifted after the repudiation of the childless Bertha in 1001. Constance of Arles, whom the King married two years later, was the mother of his successor, Henry I. Henry I KING OF FRANCE WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Henry I, (born c. 1008—died Aug. 2 or 4, 1060, Vitry-aux-Loges, France), king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals. Henry I QUICK FACTS BORNc. 1008 DIEDAugust 2, 1060 or August 4, 1060 Vitry-aux-Loges, France TITLE / OFFICE King, France (1026-1060) HOUSE / DYNASTY Capetian dynasty The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, Henry was anointed king at Reims (1026) in his father’s lifetime, following the death of his elder brother Hugh. His mother, Constance, however, favoured his younger brother Robert for the throne, and civil war broke out on King Robert II’s death (1031). The younger Robert was given Burgundy in 1032, after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke of Normandy. From 1033 to 1043 Henry struggled with his feudatories,notably Eudes of Blois and his brother Robert. In 1055, as the result of an agreement made by Robert II, the county of Sens came to the crown as the sole territorial gain of Henry’s reign. He attempted to strengthen his rulership through new court officials, and he twice contracted an important marriage alliance with members of the Salian dynasty, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire: he was betrothed to Conrad II’s niece, who died before the marriage could be formalized, and married Henry III’s daughter. Henry helped William (the future William I of England), Robert’s successor as duke of Normandy, to quell his rebellious vassals at the Battle of Val-aux-Dunes (or Val-ès-Dunes; 1047), but he was thereafter usually at war with him—a notable defeat for the king being that at Varaville (1058). Henry tried to resist papal interference but could not prevent Pope Leo IX from holding a council at Reims (1049). Philip, elder son of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Kiev, was crowned France: The monarchy Neither Henry I (1031–60) nor Philip I (1060–1108) could match the success (such as it was) of their… William I: Early years …and by his overlord, King Henry I of France.… Philip I …was the elder son of Henry I of France by his second wife, Anne of Kiev. Crowned at Reims in May 1059,… HISTORY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! Email address By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. LOAD NEXT ARTICLE

Robert II, byname Robert The Pious, French Robert Le Pieux, (born c. 970, Orléans, Fr.—died July 20, 1031, Melun), king of France who took Burgundy into the French realm.

Robert II

QUICK FACTS

BORNc. 970
Orléans, France
DIEDJuly 20, 1031
Melun, France
TITLE / OFFICE

King, France (996-1031)

HOUSE / DYNASTY

Capetian dynasty

NOTABLE FAMILY MEMBERS

Son Henry I

The son of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Robert was educated at the episcopal school of Reims under Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II. Soon after his own coronation (July 987), Hugh prudently arranged the election and coronation (December 987) of Robert, thus facilitating his son’s eventual succession (October 996) as sole ruler. His excommunication as a result of his marriage within the prohibited degrees of relationship was eventually lifted after therepudiation of the childless Bertha in 1001. Constance of Arles, whom the King married two years later, was the mother of his successor, Henry I.
Robert’s domain was not extensive; and, to increase his power, he vigorously and tenaciously pressed his claim to fiefs as they became vacant. Thus, when the duke of Burgundy died without an heir (1002), Robert went to war against a rival claimant. Only in 1015, however, did he finally succeed in subduing the rich duchy. (The gain was transitory, for in 1032 Henry I granted Burgundy to his brother, Robert, and it thereafter remained for centuries outside royal control.)

A patron of the Cluniac monastic movement, Robert apparently ruled firmly and judiciously in his own lands.

France: The monarchy

… (reigned 987–996) and his son Robert II (the Pious; 996–1031) struggled vainly to maintain the Carolingian…

millennialism: Patristic and medieval millennialism

In France, King Robert II, the second ruler of the dynasty that replaced the Carolingian “obstacle,”…

Henry I

The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Robert was educated at the episcopal school of Reims under Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II. Soon after his own coronation (July 987), Hugh prudently arranged the election and coronation (December 987) of Robert, thus facilitating his son’s eventual succession (October 996) as sole ruler. His excommunication as a result of his marriage within the prohibited degrees of relationship was eventually lifted after the repudiation of the childless Bertha in 1001. Constance of Arles, whom the King married two years later, was the mother of his successor, Henry I.

Henry I

KING OF FRANCE

WRITTEN BY:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Henry I, (born c. 1008—died Aug. 2 or 4, 1060, Vitry-aux-Loges, France), king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals.

Henry I

QUICK FACTS

BORNc. 1008
DIEDAugust 2, 1060 or August 4, 1060
Vitry-aux-Loges, France
TITLE / OFFICE

King, France (1026-1060)

HOUSE / DYNASTY

Capetian dynasty

The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, Henry was anointed king at Reims (1026) in his father’s lifetime, following the death of his elder brother Hugh. His mother, Constance, however, favoured his younger brother Robert for the throne, and civil war broke out on King Robert II’s death (1031). The younger Robert was given Burgundy in 1032, after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke of Normandy. From 1033 to 1043 Henry struggled with his feudatories,notably Eudes of Blois and his brother Robert. In 1055, as the result of an agreement made by Robert II, the county of Sens came to the crown as the sole territorial gain of Henry’s reign. He attempted to strengthen his rulership through new court officials, and he twice contracted an important marriage alliance with members of the Salian dynasty, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire: he was betrothed to Conrad II’s niece, who died before the marriage could be formalized, and married Henry III’s daughter.
Henry helped William (the future William I of England), Robert’s successor as duke of Normandy, to quell his rebellious vassals at the Battle of Val-aux-Dunes (or Val-ès-Dunes; 1047), but he was thereafter usually at war with him—a notable defeat for the king being that at Varaville (1058). Henry tried to resist papal interference but could not prevent Pope Leo IX from holding a council at Reims (1049). Philip, elder son of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Kiev, was crowned

France: The monarchy

Neither Henry I (1031–60) nor Philip I (1060–1108) could match the success (such as it was) of their…

William I: Early years

…and by his overlord, King Henry I of France.…

Philip I

…was the elder son of Henry I of France by his second wife, Anne of Kiev. Crowned at Reims in May 1059,…

HISTORY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox!

Email address

By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice.

LOAD NEXT ARTICLE