Généalogie and Heritage

Source: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

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Type	Valeur
Titre	Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

Entrées associées à cette source

Personnes
King PENDA of Mercia

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Notes


PENDA, son of PYBBA King of Mercia ([575]-killed in battle Winwæd near Leeds Autumn [654/55]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records, under 626, that "Penda ruled for thirty years" and was "fifty when he succeeded to the kingdom", adding that he was son of "Pybba, son of Creoda, son of Cynewald…"[461]. Bearing in mind the likely birth dates estimated for some of his sons (see below), his age must be exaggerated in this source. He succeeded in [626] as PENDA King of Mercia, under the overlordship of Northumbria. William of Malmesbury records that "he began to attack the neighbouring cities, to infest the confines of the surrounding kings, and to fill everything with terror and confusion"[462]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he fought Cynegils andCwichelm Kings of Wessex in 628 at Cirencester "and then they came to an agreement"[463]. Bede records that "Caedualla rex Brettonum", helped by "Penda…de region genere Merciorum", rebelled against "Aeduini" [Eadwine King of Northumbria] who was killed in battle "IV Id Oct" in 633 at "Haethfelth", adding that the rebels continued to govern the country with varying success for 22 years[464]. Bede records that "Osuald…rex Nordanhymbrorum" was killed in battle 5 Aug (year not stated) by the same "rege Merciorum" [Penda King of Mercia] who had killed his predecessor [King Eadwine], "in loco…Maserfelth"[465]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates this event to 641[466]. Stenton suggests that the place was probably Oswestry in Shropshire[467]. Although he appears to have been the most powerful king in England at the time, there is no evidence that Penda tried to impose his overlordship on the other kingdoms[468]. In 645, King Penda forced Cenwalh King of Wessex into exile in East Anglia for three years, in revenge for having repudiated his wife, who was Penda's sister[469]. Bede records that "regis Merciorum" [Penda] was killed by "rex Osuiu" near "fluvium Vinuaed", dated in a later passage to "XVII Kal Dec" in the thirteenth year of King Oswiu’s reign[470].He dates this event to 655 in his general chronology[471]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that, supported by Æthelhere King of the East Angles, King Penda invaded Northumbria in 654 but was killed in battle by King Oswiu[472]. He remained a pagan throughout his life, though tolerated his son's conversion. m CYNEWISE [Kineswitha] --- (-after 654). Bede records that "alius filius eius Ecgfrid" was a hostage "in provincia Merciorum apud reginam Cynuise" when "rex Osuiu…cum Alchfrido filio" defeated and killed Penda King of Mercia near "fluvium Vinuaed", undated[473]. William of Malmesbury names Kineswitha as the queen of Penda[474]. King Penda & his wife had [eight] children: 1. PEADA (-murdered [17 Apr] 656[475] 2. WULFHERE ([638/39]-675) 3. ÆTHELRED (-after 709, bur Bardney Abbey[515]) 4. MEREWALD . 5. MERCELIN. 6. CYNEBURGA (-[680][563]). 7. CYNESWITH [Cyneswide] 8. [--- . A manuscript reproduced in Leland’s Collectanea, entitled "Ex Historia quam mutiosumsi a Do Garterio", suggests a family relationship between King Æthelred and the brothers Oswald and Osric, rulers of the Hwicce, when it records that "duo fratribus Osuualdo et Ostrico…regis…Athelredi ministries nepotibus" founded the monasteries of "Persora" and "Glovernia" respectively in [680][570]. The document is undated, but includes entries until the late-14th century, although it is not known what earlier sources provided for the basis for the earliest entries. It is not known whether "nepotibus" in this document should be translated as nephews, but if that is correct the mother of the two brothers would have been the daughter of King Penda. One possibility is that she was the same person as one of his known daughters Cyneburga, later wife of Alhfrith under-King of Deira, or Cyneswith. The name of her daughter, Kyneburga, also suggests a close family relationship with the kings of Mercia. m --- of the Hwicce, son of ---.] Two children: a) OSWALD b) OSRIC (-[729/30] c) KYNEBURGA (-[710])

PENDA, son of PYBBA King of Mercia ([575]-killed in battle Winwæd near Leeds Autumn [654/55]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records, under 626, that "Penda ruled for thirty years" and was "fifty when he succeeded to the kingdom", adding that he was son of "Pybba, son of Creoda, son of Cynewald…"[461]. Bearing in mind the likely birth dates estimated for some of his sons (see below), his age must be exaggerated in this source. He succeeded in [626] as PENDA King of Mercia, under the overlordship of Northumbria. William of Malmesbury records that "he began to attack the neighbouring cities, to infest the confines of the surrounding kings, and to fill everything with terror and confusion"[462]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he fought Cynegils andCwichelm Kings of Wessex in 628 at Cirencester "and then they came to an agreement"[463]. Bede records that "Caedualla rex Brettonum", helped by "Penda…de region genere Merciorum", rebelled against "Aeduini" [Eadwine King of Northumbria] who was killed in battle "IV Id Oct" in 633 at "Haethfelth", adding that the rebels continued to govern the country with varying success for 22 years[464]. Bede records that "Osuald…rex Nordanhymbrorum" was killed in battle 5 Aug (year not stated) by the same "rege Merciorum" [Penda King of Mercia] who had killed his predecessor [King Eadwine], "in loco…Maserfelth"[465]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates this event to 641[466]. Stenton suggests that the place was probably Oswestry in Shropshire[467]. Although he appears to have been the most powerful king in England at the time, there is no evidence that Penda tried to impose his overlordship on the other kingdoms[468]. In 645, King Penda forced Cenwalh King of Wessex into exile in East Anglia for three years, in revenge for having repudiated his wife, who was Penda's sister[469]. Bede records that "regis Merciorum" [Penda] was killed by "rex Osuiu" near "fluvium Vinuaed", dated in a later passage to "XVII Kal Dec" in the thirteenth year of King Oswiu’s reign[470].He dates this event to 655 in his general chronology[471]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that, supported by Æthelhere King of the East Angles, King Penda invaded Northumbria in 654 but was killed in battle by King Oswiu[472]. He remained a pagan throughout his life, though tolerated his son's conversion.
m CYNEWISE [Kineswitha] --- (-after 654). Bede records that "alius filius eius Ecgfrid" was a hostage "in provincia Merciorum apud reginam Cynuise" when "rex Osuiu…cum Alchfrido filio" defeated and killed Penda King of Mercia near "fluvium Vinuaed", undated[473]. William of Malmesbury names Kineswitha as the queen of Penda[474].
King Penda & his wife had [eight] children:
1. PEADA (-murdered [17 Apr] 656[475]
2. WULFHERE ([638/39]-675)
3. ÆTHELRED (-after 709, bur Bardney Abbey[515])
4. MEREWALD .
5. MERCELIN.
6. CYNEBURGA (-[680][563]).
7. CYNESWITH [Cyneswide]
8. [--- . A manuscript reproduced in Leland’s Collectanea, entitled "Ex Historia quam mutiosumsi a Do Garterio", suggests a family relationship between King Æthelred and the brothers Oswald and Osric, rulers of the Hwicce, when it records that "duo fratribus Osuualdo et Ostrico…regis…Athelredi ministries nepotibus" founded the monasteries of "Persora" and "Glovernia" respectively in [680][570]. The document is undated, but includes entries until the late-14th century, although it is not known what earlier sources provided for the basis for the earliest entries. It is not known whether "nepotibus" in this document should be translated as nephews, but if that is correct the mother of the two brothers would have been the daughter of King Penda. One possibility is that she was the same person as one of his known daughters Cyneburga, later wife of Alhfrith under-King of Deira, or Cyneswith. The name of her daughter, Kyneburga, also suggests a close family relationship with the kings of Mercia. m --- of the Hwicce, son of ---.] Two children:
a) OSWALD
b) OSRIC (-[729/30]
c) KYNEBURGA (-[710])